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This article is about the U.S. state. For other uses, see Maryland ( disambiguation )
state in the United States
Reading: Maryland – Wikipedia
Maryland ( MERR-il-É™nd ) [ a ] is a state in the middle atlantic area of the United States. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] It shares borders with Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west ; Pennsylvania to its north ; and Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean to its east. Baltimore [ 11 ] is the largest city in the express, and the capital is Annapolis. Among its episodic nicknames are Old Line State, the Free State, and the Chesapeake Bay State. It is named after the English Queen Henrietta Maria, then known in England as Mary. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] Before its coastline was explored by Europeans in the sixteenth century, Maryland was inhabited by several groups of native Americans – largely by the Algonquin, and, to a lesser degree, by the Iroquois and Siouian. [ 14 ] As one of the master Thirteen Colonies of England, Maryland was founded by George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore, a Catholic convert [ 15 ] [ 16 ] who sought to provide a religious seaport for Catholics persecuted in England. [ 17 ] In 1632, Charles I of England granted Lord Baltimore a colonial rent, naming the colony after his wife, Henrietta Maria. [ 18 ] Unlike the Pilgrims and Puritans, who rejected Catholicism in their settlements, Lord Baltimore envisioned a colony where people of different religious sects would coexist under the principle of toleration. [ 17 ] Accordingly, in 1649 the Maryland General Assembly passed an Act Concerning Religion, which enshrined this principle by penalizing anyone who “ reproached ” a colleague Marylander based on religious affiliation. [ 19 ] Nevertheless, religious strife was common in the early years, and Catholics remained a minority, albeit in greater numbers than in any other english colony. Maryland ‘s early settlements and population centers clustered around rivers and early waterways that empty into the Chesapeake Bay. Its economy was heavily plantation-based and centered by and large on the polish of tobacco. Great Britain ‘s need for brassy department of labor led to a rapid expansion of apprenticed servants, penal labor, and african slaves. In 1760, Maryland ‘s stream boundaries took shape following the colony of a long-running border quarrel with Pennsylvania. Maryland was an active player in the events leading up to the american Revolution, and by 1776, its delegates signed the Declaration of Independence. Many of its citizens subsequently played key political and military roles in the war. In 1790, the department of state ceded farming for the establishment of the U.S. capital of Washington, D.C. Although then a slave department of state, Maryland remained in the Union during the American Civil War, its strategic location giving it a significant function in the dispute. After the Civil War, Maryland took separate in the Industrial Revolution, driven by its seaports, railroad track networks, and aggregate immigration from Europe. Since the 1940s, the state ‘s population has grown quickly, to approximately six million residents, and it is among the most dumbly populated U.S. states. As of 2015, Maryland had the highest median family income of any state, owing in large part to its proximity to Washington, D.C., and a highly diversified economy spanning fabricate, retail services, populace administration, real estate of the realm, higher education, information technology, defense contract, health caution, and biotechnology. [ 20 ] The state ‘s central function in U.S. history is reflected by its host of some of the highest numbers of historic landmarks per head. Sixteen of Maryland ‘s twenty-three counties, a well as the city of Baltimore, border the tidal waters of the Chesapeake Bay estuary and its many tributaries, [ 21 ] [ 11 ] which combined total more than 4,000 miles of shoreline. Although one of the smallest states in the U.S., it features a diverseness of climates and topographical features that have earned it the nickname of America in Miniature. [ 22 ] In a exchangeable vein, Maryland ‘s geography, acculturation, and history compound elements of the middle atlantic, Northeastern, and Southern regions of the state .
history [edit ]
seventeenth century [edit ]
Maryland ‘s beginning colonial settlement [edit ]
George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore ( 1579–1632 ), sought a rent from King Charles I for the district between Massachusetts to the north and Virginia to the immediate confederacy. [ 23 ] After Baltimore died in April 1632, the charter was granted to his son, Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore ( 1605–1675 ), on June 20, 1632. formally, the new “ Maryland Colony ” was named in honor of Henrietta Maria of France, wife of Charles I of England. The 1st Baron Baltimore initially proposed the name “ Crescentia ”, the estate of growth or increase, but “ the King proposed Terra Mariae [ Mary Land ], which was concluded on and Inserted in the charge. ” [ 17 ] The original capital of Maryland was St. Mary ‘s City, on the north prop up of the Potomac River, and the county surrounding it, the beginning erected/created in the province, [ 25 ] was first called Augusta Carolina, after the King, and late named St. Mary ‘s County. [ 26 ] Lord Baltimore ‘s beginning settlers arrived in the new colony in March 1634, with his younger brother the Honorable Leonard Calvert ( 1606–1647 ), as first peasant Governor of Maryland. They made their first base permanent wave settlement at St. Mary ‘s City in what is now St. Mary ‘s County. They purchased the site from the overriding headman of the region, who was eager to establish barter. St. Mary ‘s became the first capital of Maryland, and remained therefore for 60 years until 1695. More settlers soon followed. Their tobacco crops were successful and promptly made the new colony profitable. however, given the incidence of malaria, yellow fever, and typhoid, life anticipation in Maryland was about 10 years less than in New England. [ 27 ]
persecution of Catholics [edit ]
Maryland was founded to provide a haven for England ‘s Roman Catholic minority. [ 28 ] Although Maryland was the most heavily Catholic of the English mainland colonies, the religion was hush in the minority, consisting of less than 10 % of the entire population. [ 29 ] In 1642, a number of Puritans left Virginia for Maryland and founded Providence ( now called Annapolis ) on the western prop up of the upper Chesapeake Bay. [ 30 ] A dispute with traders from Virginia over Kent Island in the Chesapeake led to armed dispute. In 1644, William Claiborne, a Puritan, seized Kent Island while his companion, the pro-Parliament Puritan Richard Ingle, took over St. Mary ‘s. [ 31 ] Both used religion as a tool to gain democratic support. The two years from 1644 to 1646 when Claiborne and his Puritan associates held rock were known as “ The Plundering Time ”. They captured Jesuit priests, imprisoned them, then sent them back to England. In 1646 Leonard Calvert returned with troops, recaptured St. Mary ‘s City, and restored decree. The House of Delegates passed the “ Act concerning Religion ” in 1649 granting religious autonomy to all trinitarian Christians. [ 27 ] In 1650, the Puritans revolted against the proprietorship government. “ Protestants swept the Catholics out of the legislature … and religious discord returned. ” [ 27 ] The Puritans set up a newfangled government prohibiting both Roman Catholicism and Anglicanism. The Puritan revolutionary politics persecuted Maryland Catholics during its reign, known as the “ plundering time ”. Mobs burned depressed all the original Catholic churches of southern Maryland. The Puritan rule lasted until 1658 when the Calvert kin and Lord Baltimore regained proprietorship control and re-enacted the Toleration Act. After England ‘s “ Glorious Revolution “ of 1688, Maryland outlawed Catholicism. In 1704, the Maryland General Assembly prohibited Catholics from operate schools, limited the corporate ownership of property to hamper religious orders from expanding or supporting themselves, and encouraged the conversion of Catholic children. [ 29 ] The celebration of the Catholic sacraments was besides officially restricted. This state of affairs lasted until after the american Revolutionary War ( 1775–1783 ). affluent catholic planters built chapels on their estate to practice their religion in relative secrecy. Into the eighteenth century, person priests and lie leaders claimed Maryland farms belonging to the Jesuits as personal property and bequeathed them in order to evade the legal restrictions on religious organizations ‘ owning property. [ 29 ]
molding disputes ( 1681–1760 ) [edit ]
The royal rent granted Maryland the land north of the Potomac River up to the fortieth latitude. A problem get up when Charles II granted a rent for Pennsylvania. The grant defined Pennsylvania ‘s southern border as identical to Maryland ‘s northern border, the fortieth analogue. But the concede indicated that Charles II and William Penn assumed the fortieth analogue would pass cheeseparing to New Castle, Delaware when it falls union of Philadelphia, the locate of which Penn had already selected for his colony ‘s capital city. Negotiations ensued after the trouble was discovered in 1681. A compromise proposed by Charles II in 1682 was undermined by Penn ‘s receiving the extra grant of what is now Delaware. [ 32 ] Penn successfully argued that the Maryland charter entitled Lord Baltimore entirely to changeable lands, and Dutch liquidation in Delaware predated his lease. The quarrel remained unsolved for about a hundred, carried on by the descendants of William Penn and Lord Baltimore—the Calvert syndicate, which controlled Maryland, and the Penn family, which controlled Pennsylvania. [ 32 ]
[33] 1732 function of Maryland The boundary line challenge with Pennsylvania led to Cresap ‘s War in the 1730s. Hostilities erupted in 1730 and escalated through the first half of the ten, culminating in the deployment of military forces by Maryland in 1736 and by Pennsylvania in 1737. The arm phase of the dispute ended in May 1738 with the intervention of King George II, who compelled the negotiation of a armistice. A probationary agreement had been established in 1732. [ 32 ] Negotiations continued until a final examination agreement was signed in 1760. The agreement defined the surround between Maryland and Pennsylvania as the line of latitude now known as the Mason–Dixon line. Maryland ‘s frame with Delaware was based on a Transpeninsular Line and the Twelve-Mile Circle around New Castle. [ 32 ]
eighteenth hundred [edit ]
Most of the english colonists arrived in Maryland as apprenticed servants, and had to serve a several years ‘ condition as laborers to pay for their passage. [ 34 ] In the early on years, the agate line between apprenticed servants and african slaves or laborers was fluid, and white and black laborers normally lived and worked together, and formed unions. Mixed-race children born to white mothers were considered free by the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, by which children took the social status of their mothers, a principle of slave police that was adopted throughout the colonies, following Virginia in 1662. During the colonial earned run average, families of spare people of coloring material were formed most much by unions of white women and african men. [ 35 ] many of the free black families migrated to Delaware, where land was cheaper. [ 35 ] As the menstruation of apprenticed laborers to the colony decreased with improving economic conditions in England, planters in Maryland imported thousands more slaves and racial caste lines hardened. The economy ‘s growth and prosperity were based on slave department of labor, devoted first to the production of tobacco as the commodity crop. Maryland was one of the thirteen colonies that revolted against british convention in the american Revolution. Near the end of the American Revolutionary War ( 1775–1783 ), on February 2, 1781, Maryland became the last and 13th state to approve the ratification of the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, first proposed in 1776 and adopted by the Second Continental Congress in 1778, which brought into being the United States as a united, sovereign and national state. It besides became the seventh state admitted to the Union after ratifying the new federal fundamental law in 1788. In December 1790, Maryland donated land selected by first base President George Washington to the federal government for the universe of the new national capital of Washington, D.C. The bring was provided along the north shore of the Potomac River from Montgomery and Prince George ‘s counties, adenine well as from Fairfax County and Alexandria on the confederacy shore of the Potomac in Virginia ; however, the down donated by the Commonwealth of Virginia was belated returned to that state by the District of Columbia retrocession in 1846 .
nineteenth hundred [edit ]
Influenced by a changing economy, rotatory ideals, and preaching by ministers, numerous planters in Maryland freed their slaves in the 20 years after the Revolutionary War. Across the Upper South the free black population increased from less than 1 % before the war to 14 % by 1810. [ 36 ] Abolitionist Harriet Tubman was born a slave during this time in Dorchester County, Maryland. [ 37 ] During the War of 1812, the british military attempted to capture Baltimore, which was protected by Fort McHenry. During this barrage the song “ Star Spangled Banner “ was written by Francis Scott Key ; it was late adopted as the national anthem. The National Road ( U.S. Hwy 40 today ) was authorized in 1817 and ran from Baltimore to St. Louis—the inaugural federal highway. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad ( B & O ) was the first lease railroad track in the United States. It opened its first gear incision of track for regular operation in 1830 between Baltimore and Ellicott City, [ 38 ] and in 1852 it became the beginning rail note to reach the Ohio River from the eastern seaside. [ 39 ]
Civil War [edit ]
The state of matter remained with the Union during the Civil War, [ 40 ] due in significant separate to demographics and Federal intervention. The 1860 census, held soon before the outbreak of the civil war, showed that 49 % of Maryland ‘s african Americans were free blacks. [ 36 ]
Governor Thomas Holliday Hicks suspended the state legislature, and to help ensure the election of a newfangled pro-union governor and legislature, President Abraham Lincoln had a number of its pro-slavery politicians arrested, including the Mayor of Baltimore, George William Brown ; suspended several civil liberties, including habeas corpus ; and ordered artillery placed on Federal Hill overlooking Baltimore. Historians debate the constitutionality of these wartime actions, and the suspension of civil liberties was later deemed illegal by the U.S. Supreme Court. [ citation needed ] In April 1861 Federal units and state regiments were attacked as they marched through Baltimore, sparking the Baltimore rioting of 1861, the first bloodshed in the Civil War. [ 41 ] Of the 115,000 men from Maryland who joined the military during the Civil War, 85,000, or 77 %, joined the Union united states army, while the remainder joined the Confederate Army. [ citation needed ] The largest and most significant conflict in the submit was the Battle of Antietam on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg. Although a tactical draw, the battle was considered a strategic Union victory and a turn target of the war .
After the war [edit ]
A new state constitution in 1864 abolish slavery and Maryland was inaugural recognized as a “ free state ” in that context. [ 42 ] Following passage of constituent amendments that granted voting rights to freedmen, in 1867 the state extended right to vote to colored males. The democratic Party quickly regained power in the state from Republicans. Democrats replaced the Constitution of 1864 with the constitution of 1867. Following the end of Reconstruction in 1877, Democrats devised means of disenfranchising blacks, initially by physical determent and voter fraud, late by built-in amendments and laws. Blacks and immigrants, however, resisted Democratic Party disfranchisement efforts in the submit. Maryland blacks were share of a biracial Republican coalescence elected to state government in 1896–1904 and comprised 20 % of the electorate. [ 43 ] Compared to some other states, blacks were well established both before and after the civil war. closely half the black population was free before the war, and some had accumulated place. Half the population lived in cities. Literacy was high among blacks and, as Democrats crafted means to exclude them, right to vote campaigns helped reach blacks and teach them how to resist. [ 43 ] Whites did impose racial segregation in public facilities and Jim Crow laws, which efficaciously lasted until the passage of federal civil rights legislation in the mid-1960s. Baltimore grew significantly during the Industrial Revolution, due in big partially to its seaport and effective railway connections, attracting european immigrant department of labor. many manufacture businesses were established in the Baltimore area after the Civil War. Baltimore businessmen, including Johns Hopkins, Enoch Pratt, George Peabody, and Henry Walters, founded luminary city institutions that bear their names, including respectively a university, library system, music and dance conservatory, and artwork museum. Cumberland was Maryland ‘s second-largest city in the nineteenth century. nearby supplies of natural resources along with railroads fostered its growth into a major manufacture center. [ 44 ]
20th and 21st centuries [edit ]
early twentieth hundred [edit ]
The Progressive era of the belated 19th and early twentieth centuries brought political reforms. In a series of laws passed between 1892 and 1908, reformers worked for standard state-issued ballots ( quite than those distributed and marked by the parties ) ; obtained closed voting booths to prevent party workers from “ assisting ” voters ; initiated elementary elections to keep party bosses from selecting candidates ; and had candidates listed without party symbols, which discouraged the illiterate from participating. These measures worked against ill-educated whites and blacks. Blacks resisted such efforts, with right to vote groups conducting voter department of education. Blacks defeated three efforts to disenfranchise them, making alliances with immigrants to resist diverse democratic campaigns. [ 43 ] Disenfranchisement bills in 1905, 1907, and 1911 were rebuffed, in big part because of black opposition. Blacks comprised 20 % of the electorate and immigrants comprised 15 %, and the legislature had difficulty devising requirements against blacks that did not besides disadvantage immigrants. [ 43 ] The Progressive Era besides brought reforms in working conditions for Maryland ‘s british labour party force. In 1902, the state of matter regulated conditions in mines ; outlawed child laborers under the age of 12 ; mandated compulsory educate attendance ; and enacted the nation ‘s first workers ‘ compensation law. The workers ‘ recompense law was overturned in the courts, but was redrafted and finally enacted in 1910. The Great Baltimore Fire of 1904 burned for more than 30 hours, destroying 1,526 buildings and spanning 70 city blocks. More than 1,231 firefighters worked to bring the hell under control .
With the nation ‘s entry into World War I in 1917, new military bases such as Camp Meade, the Aberdeen Proving Ground, and the Edgewood Arsenal were established. Existing facilities, including Fort McHenry, were greatly expanded. After Georgia congressman William D. Upshaw criticized Maryland openly in 1923 for not passing Prohibition laws, Baltimore Sun editor program Hamilton Owens coined the “ free country ” dub for Maryland in that context, which was popularized by H. L. Mencken in a series of newspaper editorials. [ 42 ] [ 45 ] Maryland ‘s urban and rural communities had different experiences during the Great Depression. The “ Bonus Army “ marched through the state in 1932 on its way to Washington, D.C. Maryland instituted its first income tax in 1937 to generate gross for schools and benefit. [ 46 ] passenger and cargo steamboat service, once significant throughout Chesapeake Bay and its many tributary rivers, ended in 1962. [ 47 ] Baltimore was a major war production kernel during World War II. The biggest operations were Bethlehem Steel ‘s Fairfield Yard, which built Liberty ships ; and Glenn Martin, an aircraft manufacturer .
Maryland experienced population growth following World War II. Beginning in the 1960s, as suburban emergence took hold around Washington, D.C. and Baltimore, the department of state began to take on a more middle atlantic culture as opposed to the traditionally Southern and Tidewater polish that previously dominated most of the state. agricultural tracts gave way to residential communities, some of them carefully planned such as Columbia, St. Charles, and Montgomery Village. concurrently the Interstate Highway System was built throughout the department of state, most notably I-95, I-695, and the Capital Beltway, altering travel patterns. In 1952, the easterly and western halves of Maryland were linked for the first time by the Chesapeake Bay Bridge, which replaced a nearby ferry service. [ 48 ] Maryland ‘s regions experienced economic changes following WWII. Heavy manufacture declined in Baltimore. In Maryland ‘s four westernmost counties, industrial, dragoon, and coal mining jobs declined. On the lower Eastern Shore, family farms were bought up by major concerns and large-scale domestic fowl farms and vegetable agrarian became prevailing. In southerly Maryland, tobacco farming about vanished due to suburban development and a department of state tobacco buy-out program in the 1990s. In an feat to reverse depopulation due to the loss of wage-earning industries, Baltimore initiated urban reclamation projects in the 1960s with Charles Center and the Baltimore World Trade Center. Some resulted in the break-up of intact residential neighborhoods, producing social volatility, and some older residential areas around the harbor have had units renovated and have become popular with raw populations .
geography [edit ]
physical regions of Maryland Maryland has an area of 12,406.68 squarely miles ( 32,133.2 km2 ) and is comparable in overall area with Belgium [ 11,787 square miles ( 30,530 km2 ) ]. [ 49 ] It is the 42nd largest and 9th smallest state and is closest in size to the state of Hawaii [ 10,930.98 square miles ( 28,311.1 km2 ) ], the future small submit. The future larger state, its neighbor West Virginia, is about twice the size of Maryland [ 24,229.76 square miles ( 62,754.8 km2 ) ] .
description [edit ]
Maryland possesses a variety show of topography within its borders, contributing to its nickname America in Miniature. It ranges from flaxen dunes dotted with seagrass in the east, to low marshlands teeming with wildlife and large bald cypress near the Chesapeake Bay, to gently rolling hills of oak forests in the Piedmont Region, and pine groves in the Maryland mountains to the west .
Maryland is bounded on its north by Pennsylvania, on its north and east by Delaware, on its east by the Atlantic Ocean, and on its south and west, across the Potomac River, by West Virginia and Virginia. The mid-portion of this latter edge is interrupted by the District of Columbia, which sits on kingdom that was primitively part of Montgomery and Prince George ‘s counties and including the town of Georgetown, Maryland. This kingdom was ceded to the United States Federal Government in 1790 to form the District of Columbia. ( The Commonwealth of Virginia gave bring south of the Potomac, including the town of Alexandria, Virginia ; however, Virginia retroceded its assign in 1846 ). The Chesapeake Bay about bisects the state and the counties east of the bay are known jointly as the Eastern Shore .
typical brackish tidal river. Sunset over a marsh at Cardinal Cove on the Patuxent River 
Tidal wetlands of the Chesapeake Bay, the largest estuary in the United States and the largest urine feature in Maryland Most of the state ‘s waterways are part of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, with the exceptions of a bantam assign of extreme western Garrett County ( drained by the Youghiogheny River as separate of the river basin of the Mississippi River ), the eastern half of Worcester County ( which drains into Maryland ‘s Atlantic coastal bays ), and a small assign of the state ‘s northeast corner ( which drains into the Delaware River watershed ). So outstanding is the Chesapeake in Maryland ‘s geography and economic life that there has been periodic agitation to change the country ‘s official nickname to the “ Bay State ”, a dub that has been used by Massachusetts for decades. The highest point in Maryland, with an acme of 3,360 feet ( 1,020 thousand ), is Hoye Crest on Backbone Mountain, in the southwest recess of Garrett County, near the border with West Virginia, and near the headwaters of the North Branch of the Potomac River. Close to the small township of Hancock, in western Maryland, about two-thirds of the way across the submit, less than 2 miles ( 3.2 kilometer ) separates its borders, [ 50 ] the Mason–Dixon occupation to the north, and the northwards-arching Potomac River to the south. Portions of Maryland are included in versatile official and unofficial geographic regions. For model, the Delmarva Peninsula is composed of the Eastern Shore counties of Maryland, the integral state of Delaware, and the two counties that make up the Eastern Shore of Virginia, whereas the westernmost counties of Maryland are considered part of Appalachia. Much of the Baltimore–Washington corridor lies barely south of the Piedmont in the Coastal Plain, [ 51 ] though it straddles the border between the two regions .
geology [edit ]
Earthquakes in Maryland are infrequent and small due to the state ‘s distance from seismic/earthquake zones. [ 52 ] [ 53 ] The M 5.8 Virginia earthquake in 2011 was felt moderately throughout Maryland. Buildings in the express are not well-designed for earthquakes and can suffer damage easily. [ 54 ] Maryland has no natural lakes, by and large due to the miss of frigid history in the area. [ 55 ] All lakes in the state today were constructed, largely via dams. [ 56 ] Buckel ‘s Bog is believed by geologists to have been a leftover of a erstwhile natural lake. [ 57 ] Maryland has shale formations containing natural gas, where fracking is theoretically possible. [ 58 ]
Flora [edit ]
As is typical of states on the East Coast, Maryland ‘s plant life is abundant and healthy. A modest bulk of annual precipitation helps to support many types of plants, including seagrass and respective reeds at the smaller end of the spectrum to the gigantic Wye Oak, a huge example of white oak, the state tree, which can grow over 70 feet ( 21 megabyte ) tall. Middle Atlantic coastal forests, distinctive of the southeast Atlantic coastal plain, grow around Chesapeake Bay and on the Delmarva Peninsula. Moving west, a assortment of Northeastern coastal forests and Southeastern mix forests cover the cardinal depart of the submit. The appalachian Mountains of western Maryland are home to Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests. These give way to Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests near the West Virginia border. [ 60 ]
many extraneous species are cultivated in the state, some as ornamentals, others as knickknack species. Included among these are the crepe myrtle, italian cypress, southern magnolia, be oak in the warm parts of the state, [ 61 ] and even hardy handle trees in the warm central and eastern parts of the express. [ 62 ] USDA plant boldness zones in the submit range from Zones 5 and 6 in the extreme western separate of the state to Zone 7 in the central separate, and Zone 8 around the southerly separate of the coast, the bay area, and parts of metropolitan Baltimore. [ 63 ] Invasive establish species, such as kudzu, tree of eden, multiflora rose, and japanese stiltgrass, stifle growth of endemic plant liveliness. [ 64 ] Maryland ‘s state flower, the black-eyed susan, grows in abundance in angry bloom groups throughout the state of matter .
Fauna [edit ]
The express harbors a considerable act of white-tailed deer, particularly in the woody and cragged west of the state, and overpopulation can become a problem. Mammals can be found ranging from the mountains in the west to the central areas and include black bears, [ 65 ] bobcats, [ 66 ] foxes, coyotes, [ 67 ] raccoons, and otters. [ 65 ]
There is a population of rare violent ( feral ) horses found on Assateague Island. [ 68 ] They are believed to be descended from horses who escaped from spanish galleon shipwrecks. [ 68 ] Every year during the last workweek of July, they are captured and swim across a shallow alcove for sale at Chincoteague, Virginia, a conservation technique which ensures the bantam island is not overrun by the horses. [ 68 ] The ponies and their sale were popularized by the children ‘s book, Misty of Chincoteague. The purebred Chesapeake Bay Retriever cad was bred specifically for water sports, hunting and search and rescue in the Chesapeake area. [ 69 ] In 1878, the Chesapeake Bay Retriever was the first individual retriever breed recognized by the american Kennel Club. [ 69 ] and was by and by adopted by the University of Maryland, Baltimore County as their mascot. Maryland ‘s reptile and amphibian population includes the diamondback terrapin turtle, which was adopted as the mascot of University of Maryland, College Park, arsenic well as the threatened Eastern box turtle. [ 70 ] The state is part of the territory of the Baltimore old world oriole, which is the official state bird and mascot of the MLB team the Baltimore Orioles. [ 71 ] aside from the old world oriole, 435 other species of birds have been reported from Maryland. [ 72 ] The state insect is the Baltimore checkerspot butterfly, although it is not as park in Maryland as it is in the southerly border of its range. [ 73 ]
environment [edit ]
Maryland joined with adjacent states during the end of the twentieth hundred to improve the health of the Chesapeake Bay. The bay ‘s aquatic life and seafood industry have been threatened by exploitation and by fertilizer and livestock pine away entering the bay. [ 74 ] [ 75 ] In 2007, Forbes.com rated Maryland as the fifth “ Greenest ” state of matter in the nation, behind three of the Pacific States and Vermont. Maryland ranks 40th in sum department of energy consumption countrywide, and it managed less toxic consume per caput than all but six states in 2005. [ 76 ] In April 2007, Maryland joined the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative ( RGGI ) — a regional enterprise, formed by all the Northeastern states, Washington, D.C., and three canadian provinces, to reduce greenhouse boast emissions. [ 77 ] In March 2017, Maryland became the first state with prove boast reserves to ban fracking by passing a police against it. Vermont has such a law, but no shale gas, and New York has such a ban, though it was made by administrator ordering. [ 58 ]
climate [edit ]
winter in Baltimore, Lancaster Street, Fells Point Maryland has a wide array of climates, due to local variances in elevation, proximity to urine, and auspices from cold weather due to downslope winds. The easterly one-half of Maryland — which includes the cities of Ocean City, Salisbury, Annapolis, and the southerly and eastern suburbs of Washington, D.C., and Baltimore — lies on the Atlantic Coastal Plain, with flat topography and flaxen or muddy dirt. This region has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa ), with hot, humid summers and a short, mild-to-cool winter ; it falls under USDA Hardiness zone 8a. [ 63 ] The Piedmont area — which includes northern and western greater Baltimore, Westminster, Gaithersburg, Frederick, and Hagerstown — has average seasonal worker snow totals broadly exceeding 20 inches ( 51 centimeter ), and, as part of USDA Hardiness zones 7b and 7a, [ 63 ] temperatures below 10 °F ( −12 °C ) are less rare. From the Cumberland Valley on westward, the climate begins to transition to a humid continental climate ( Köppen Dfa ). In western Maryland, the higher elevations of Allegany and Garrett counties—including the cities of Cumberland, Frostburg, and Oakland —display more characteristics of the humid continental partition, due in separate to elevation. They fall under USDA Hardiness zones 6b and below. [ 63 ] precipitation in the department of state is characteristic of the East Coast. Annual rain ranges from 35 to 45 inches ( 890 to 1,140 mm ) with more in higher elevations. about every part of Maryland receives 3.5–4.5 inches ( 89–114 millimeter ) per calendar month of rain. average annual snow varies from 9 inches ( 23 centimeter ) in the coastal areas to over 100 inches ( 250 centimeter ) in the western mountains of the state. [ 78 ] Because of its localization near the Atlantic Coast, Maryland is reasonably vulnerable to tropical cyclones, although the Delmarva Peninsula and the outer banks of North Carolina provide a big fender, such that strikes from major hurricanes ( class 3 or above ) occur infrequently. More frequently, Maryland gets the remnants of a tropical system that has already come ashore and released most of its energy. Maryland averages about 30–40 days of thunderstorms a year, and averages around six crack strikes annually. [ 79 ]
| City | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oakland | 34 °F (1 °C) 16 °F (−9 °C) |
38 °F (3 °C) 17 °F (−8 °C) |
48 °F (9 °C) 25 °F (−4 °C) |
59 °F (15 °C) 34 °F (1 °C) |
68 °F (20 °C) 45 °F (7 °C) |
75 °F (24 °C) 53 °F (12 °C) |
79 °F (26 °C) 58 °F (14 °C) |
78 °F (26 °C) 56 °F (13 °C) |
71 °F (22 °C) 49 °F (9 °C) |
62 °F (17 °C) 37 °F (3 °C) |
50 °F (10 °C) 28 °F (−2 °C) |
39 °F (4 °C) 21 °F (−6 °C) |
| Cumberland | 41 °F (5 °C) 22 °F (−6 °C) |
46 °F (8 °C) 24 °F (−4 °C) |
56 °F (13 °C) 32 °F (0 °C) |
68 °F (20 °C) 41 °F (5 °C) |
77 °F (25 °C) 51 °F (11 °C) |
85 °F (29 °C) 60 °F (16 °C) |
89 °F (32 °C) 65 °F (18 °C) |
87 °F (31 °C) 63 °F (17 °C) |
80 °F (27 °C) 55 °F (13 °C) |
69 °F (21 °C) 43 °F (6 °C) |
57 °F (14 °C) 34 °F (1 °C) |
45 °F (7 °C) 26 °F (−3 °C) |
| Hagerstown | 39 °F (4 °C) 22 °F (−6 °C) |
42 °F (6 °C) 23 °F (−5 °C) |
52 °F (11 °C) 30 °F (−1 °C) |
63 °F (17 °C) 39 °F (4 °C) |
72 °F (22 °C) 50 °F (10 °C) |
81 °F (27 °C) 59 °F (15 °C) |
85 °F (29 °C) 64 °F (18 °C) |
83 °F (28 °C) 62 °F (17 °C) |
76 °F (24 °C) 54 °F (12 °C) |
65 °F (18 °C) 43 °F (6 °C) |
54 °F (12 °C) 34 °F (1 °C) |
43 °F (6 °C) 26 °F (−3 °C) |
| Frederick | 42 °F (6 °C) 26 °F (−3 °C) |
47 °F (8 °C) 28 °F (−2 °C) |
56 °F (13 °C) 35 °F (2 °C) |
68 °F (20 °C) 45 °F (7 °C) |
77 °F (25 °C) 54 °F (12 °C) |
85 °F (29 °C) 63 °F (17 °C) |
89 °F (32 °C) 68 °F (20 °C) |
87 °F (31 °C) 66 °F (19 °C) |
80 °F (27 °C) 59 °F (15 °C) |
68 °F (20 °C) 47 °F (8 °C) |
56 °F (13 °C) 38 °F (3 °C) |
45 °F (7 °C) 30 °F (−1 °C) |
| Baltimore | 42 °F (6 °C) 29 °F (−2 °C) |
46 °F (8 °C) 31 °F (−1 °C) |
54 °F (12 °C) 39 °F (4 °C) |
65 °F (18 °C) 48 °F (9 °C) |
75 °F (24 °C) 57 °F (14 °C) |
85 °F (29 °C) 67 °F (19 °C) |
90 °F (32 °C) 72 °F (22 °C) |
87 °F (31 °C) 71 °F (22 °C) |
80 °F (27 °C) 64 °F (18 °C) |
68 °F (20 °C) 52 °F (11 °C) |
58 °F (14 °C) 43 °F (6 °C) |
46 °F (8 °C) 33 °F (1 °C) |
| Elkton | 42 °F (6 °C) 24 °F (−4 °C) |
46 °F (8 °C) 26 °F (−3 °C) |
55 °F (13 °C) 32 °F (0 °C) |
67 °F (19 °C) 42 °F (6 °C) |
76 °F (24 °C) 51 °F (11 °C) |
85 °F (29 °C) 61 °F (16 °C) |
88 °F (31 °C) 66 °F (19 °C) |
87 °F (31 °C) 65 °F (18 °C) |
80 °F (27 °C) 57 °F (14 °C) |
69 °F (21 °C) 45 °F (7 °C) |
58 °F (14 °C) 36 °F (2 °C) |
46 °F (8 °C) 28 °F (−2 °C) |
| Ocean City | 45 °F (7 °C) 28 °F (−2 °C) |
46 °F (8 °C) 29 °F (−2 °C) |
53 °F (12 °C) 35 °F (2 °C) |
61 °F (16 °C) 44 °F (7 °C) |
70 °F (21 °C) 53 °F (12 °C) |
79 °F (26 °C) 63 °F (17 °C) |
84 °F (29 °C) 68 °F (20 °C) |
82 °F (28 °C) 67 °F (19 °C) |
77 °F (25 °C) 60 °F (16 °C) |
68 °F (20 °C) 51 °F (11 °C) |
58 °F (14 °C) 39 °F (4 °C) |
49 °F (9 °C) 32 °F (0 °C) |
| Waldorf | 44 °F (7 °C) 26 °F (−3 °C) |
49 °F (9 °C) 28 °F (−2 °C) |
58 °F (14 °C) 35 °F (2 °C) |
68 °F (20 °C) 43 °F (6 °C) |
75 °F (24 °C) 53 °F (12 °C) |
81 °F (27 °C) 62 °F (17 °C) |
85 °F (29 °C) 67 °F (19 °C) |
83 °F (28 °C) 65 °F (18 °C) |
78 °F (26 °C) 59 °F (15 °C) |
68 °F (20 °C) 47 °F (8 °C) |
59 °F (15 °C) 38 °F (3 °C) |
48 °F (9 °C) 30 °F (−1 °C) |
| Point Lookout State Park | 47 °F (8 °C) 29 °F (−2 °C) |
51 °F (11 °C) 31 °F (−1 °C) |
60 °F (16 °C) 38 °F (3 °C) |
70 °F (21 °C) 46 °F (8 °C) |
78 °F (26 °C) 55 °F (13 °C) |
86 °F (30 °C) 64 °F (18 °C) |
89 °F (32 °C) 69 °F (21 °C) |
87 °F (31 °C) 67 °F (19 °C) |
81 °F (27 °C) 60 °F (16 °C) |
71 °F (22 °C) 49 °F (9 °C) |
61 °F (16 °C) 41 °F (5 °C) |
50 °F (10 °C) 32 °F (0 °C) |
| [80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89] | ||||||||||||
Demographics [edit ]
| Historical population | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1790 | 319,728 | — | |
| 1800 | 341,548 | 6.8% | |
| 1810 | 380,546 | 11.4% | |
| 1820 | 407,350 | 7.0% | |
| 1830 | 447,040 | 9.7% | |
| 1840 | 470,019 | 5.1% | |
| 1850 | 583,034 | 24.0% | |
| 1860 | 687,049 | 17.8% | |
| 1870 | 780,894 | 13.7% | |
| 1880 | 934,943 | 19.7% | |
| 1890 | 1,042,390 | 11.5% | |
| 1900 | 1,188,044 | 14.0% | |
| 1910 | 1,295,346 | 9.0% | |
| 1920 | 1,449,661 | 11.9% | |
| 1930 | 1,631,526 | 12.5% | |
| 1940 | 1,821,244 | 11.6% | |
| 1950 | 2,343,001 | 28.6% | |
| 1960 | 3,100,689 | 32.3% | |
| 1970 | 3,922,399 | 26.5% | |
| 1980 | 4,216,975 | 7.5% | |
| 1990 | 4,781,468 | 13.4% | |
| 2000 | 5,296,486 | 10.8% | |
| 2010 | 5,773,552 | 9.0% | |
| 2020 | 6,177,224 | 7.0% | |
| Source: 1910–2020[90] | |||
In the 2020 United States census, the United States Census Bureau found that population of Maryland was 6,185,278 people, a 7.1 % increase from the 2010 United States census. [ 90 ] The United States Census Bureau estimated that the population of Maryland was 6,045,680 on July 1, 2019, a 4.71 % increase from the 2010 United States census and an increase of 2,962, from the anterior year. This includes a natural increase since the survive census of 269,166 ( 464,251 births minus 275,093 deaths ) and an increase ascribable to net migration of 116,713 people into the state. immigration from outside the United States resulted in a final addition of 129,730 people, and migration within the country produced a net passing of 13,017 people. [ 91 ] The center of population of Maryland is located on the county line between Anne Arundel County and Howard County, in the unincorporated residential district of Jessup. [ 92 ] Maryland ‘s history as a surround state of matter has led it to exhibit characteristics of both the Northern and the southerly regions of the United States. Generally, rural western Maryland between the West Virginian Panhandle and Pennsylvania has an appalachian culture ; the Southern and Eastern Shore regions of Maryland embody a southerly culture, [ 93 ] while densely populate Central Maryland — radiating outward from Baltimore and Washington, D.C. — has more in coarse with that of the Northeast. [ 94 ] The U.S. Census Bureau designates Maryland as one of the South Atlantic States, but it is normally associated with the middle atlantic States and Northeastern United States by other federal agencies, the media, and some residents. [ 95 ] [ 96 ] [ 97 ] [ 98 ] [ 99 ]
Birth data [edit ]
As of 2011, 58.0 percentage of Maryland ‘s population younger than age 1 were minority setting. [ 100 ] Note: Births in table don’t add up because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number.
| Race | 2013[101] | 2014[102] | 2015[103] | 2016[104] | 2017[105] | 2018[106] | 2019[107] | 2020[108] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White: | 41,474 (57.6%) | 42,525 (57.5%) | 42,471 (57.7%) | … | … | … | … | … |
| > non-Hispanic | 32,568 (45.2%) | 33,178 (44.9%) | 32,412 (44.0%) | 31,278 (42.8%) | 29,809 (41.6%) | 29,585 (41.6%) | 28,846 (41.1%) | 28,060 (40.9%) |
| Black | 24,764 (34.4%) | 25,339 (34.3%) | 25,017 (34.0%) | 22,829 (31.2%) | 22,327 (31.1%) | 21,893 (30.8%) | 21,494 (30.6%) | 20,869 (30.4%) |
| Asian | 5,415 (7.5%) | 5,797 (7.8%) | 5,849 (7.9%) | 5,282 (7.2%) | 5,276 (7.3%) | 4,928 (6.9%) | 4,928 (7.0%) | 4,595 (6.7%) |
| American Indian | 300 (0.4%) | 260 (0.3%) | 279 (0.4%) | 104 (0.1%) | 127 (0.2%) | 114 (0.2%) | 113 (0.2%) | 79 (0.1%) |
| Hispanic (of any race) | 10,515 (14.6%) | 10,974 (14.8%) | 11,750 (16.0%) | 11,872 (16.2%) | 12,223 (17.1%) | 12,470 (17.5%) | 12,872 (18.3%) | 13,034 (19.0%) |
| Total Maryland | 71,953 (100%) | 73,921 (100%) | 73,616 (100%) | 73,136 (100%) | 71,641 (100%) | 71,080 (100%) | 70,178 (100%) | 68,554 (100%) |
- Since 2016, data for births of White Hispanic origin are not collected, but included in one Hispanic group; persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
language [edit ]
spanish ( including spanish Creole ) is the second most talk language in Maryland, after English. The one-third and fourth most talk languages are french ( including Patois and Cajun ) and taiwanese. other normally address languages include assorted african languages, Korean, German, Tagalog, Russian, Vietnamese, Italian, respective asian languages, Persian, Hindi, and other Indic languages, Greek, and Arabic. [ 109 ]
Cities and metro areas [edit ]
Maryland population distribution map. Maryland ‘s population is concentrated by and large in the Baltimore and Washington metropolitan areas. Most of the population of Maryland lives in the central region of the state, in the Baltimore metropolitan area and Washington metropolitan area, both of which are separate of the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area. The majority of Maryland ‘s population is concentrated in the cities and suburbs surrounding Washington, D.C., arsenic well as in and around Maryland ‘s most populous city, Baltimore. Historically, these and many other Maryland cities developed along the Fall Line, the credit line along which rivers, brooks, and streams are interrupted by rapids and waterfalls. Maryland ‘s capital city, Annapolis, is one exception to this blueprint since it lies along the banks of the Severn River, close to where it empties into the Chesapeake Bay. The Eastern Shore is less populous and more rural, as are the counties of western Maryland. The two westernmost counties of Maryland, Allegany and Garrett, are mountainous and sparsely populate, resembling West Virginia and Appalachia more than they do the rest of the state. Both easterly and western Maryland are, however, dotted with cities of regional importance, such as Ocean City, Princess Anne, and Salisbury on the Eastern Shore and Cumberland, Frostburg, and Hancock in western Maryland. Southern Maryland is still slightly rural, but suburbanization from Washington, D.C., has encroached importantly since the 1960s ; important local anesthetic population centers include Lexington Park, Prince Frederick, California, and Waldorf. [ 110 ] [ 111 ]
ancestry [edit ]
racial Makeup of Maryland excluding Hispanics from racial categories ( 2019 ) [ 112 ]
NH = Non-Hispanic
Â
White NH ( 49.82 % )
Â
Black NH ( 29.75 % )
Â
asian NH ( 6.35 % )
Â
native american NH ( 0.25 % )
Â
Pacific Islander NH ( 0.04 % )
Â
Two or more races NH ( 2.85 % )
Â
other NH ( 0.31 % )
Â
Hispanic Any Race ( 10.64 % )
In 1970, the U.S. Census Bureau reported Maryland ‘s population as 17.8 percentage african-american and 80.4 percentage non-Hispanic White. [ 117 ] african Americans form a ample fortune of the state of matter ‘s population, 31.1 % as of 2020. [ 116 ] Most are descendants of people transported to the sphere as slaves from West Africa, and many are of mix race, including european and native american ancestry. Concentrations of african Americans live in Baltimore City, Prince George ‘s County, a suburb of Washington, D.C., where many work ; Charles County, western parts of Baltimore County, and the southerly Eastern Shore. New residents of african descent include 20th-century and former immigrants from Nigeria, particularly of the Igbo and Yoruba tribes. [ 118 ] Maryland besides hosts populations from early african and caribbean nations. many immigrants from the Horn of Africa have settled in Maryland, with large communities existing in the suburb of Washington, D.C. ( peculiarly Montgomery County and Prince George ‘s County ), and the city of Baltimore. The Greater Washington area has the largest population of Ethiopians outside of Africa. [ 119 ] The Ethiopian residential district of Greater D.C. was historically based in Washington, D.C. ‘s, Adams Morgan and Shaw neighborhoods, but as the community has grown, many Ethiopians have settled in Silver Spring. [ 120 ] The Washington, D.C., metropolitan area is besides home to large Eritrean and Somali communities. The lead reported ancestries by Maryland residents are : german ( 15 % ), Irish ( 11 % ), English ( 8 % ), American ( 7 % ), italian ( 6 % ), and Polish ( 3 % ). [ 121 ] irish american english populations can be found throughout the Baltimore area, [ 122 ] and the Northern and Eastern suburb of Washington, D.C., in Maryland ( descendants of those who moved out to the suburbs [ 123 ] of Washington ‘s once predominantly irish neighborhoods [ 123 ] [ 124 ] ), adenine well as western Maryland, where irish immigrant laborers helped to build the B & O Railroad. [ 122 ] Smaller but much older irish populations can be found in Southern Maryland, with some roots dating as far bet on as the early Maryland colony. [ 125 ] This population, however, still remains culturally very active and annually festivals are held. [ 126 ] A large percentage of the population of the Eastern Shore and Southern Maryland are descendants of british american english lineage. The easterly Shore was settled by Protestants, chiefly Methodist and the southern counties were initially settled by English Catholics. western and northerly Maryland have large german-american populations. More late european immigrants of the late 19th and early twentieth hundred settled first in Baltimore, attracted to its industrial jobs. Many of their heathen italian, Polish, Czech, Lithuanian, and greek descendants calm live in the sphere. big ethnic minorities include easterly Europeans such as Croatians, Belarusians, Russians and Ukrainians. The shares of european immigrants born in Eastern Europe increased importantly between 1990 and 2010. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia, many immigrants from Eastern Europe came to the United States—12 percentage of whom presently reside in Maryland. [ 127 ] [ 128 ] hispanic immigrants of the late twentieth hundred have settled in Aspen Hill, Hyattsville / Langley Park, Glenmont / Wheaton, Bladensburg, Riverdale Park, Gaithersburg, a well as Highlandtown and Greektown in East Baltimore. Salvadorans are the largest hispanic group in Maryland. other hispanic groups with significant populations in the express include Mexicans and Puerto Ricans and Hondurans. Though the Salvadoran population is more digest in the area around Washington, D.C., and the Puerto Rican population is more concentrated in the Baltimore area, all other major spanish american groups in the state of matter are evenly dispersed between these two areas. Maryland has one of the most diverse spanish american populations in the state, with significant populations from assorted Caribbean and central american nations. [ 129 ] asian Americans are concentrated in the suburban counties surrounding Washington, D.C., and in Howard County, with korean american and taiwanese american communities in Rockville, Gaithersburg, and Germantown and a filipino American community in Fort Washington. Numerous indian Americans live across the state, specially in central Maryland. Attracting educated Asians and Africans to the professional jobs in the region, Maryland has the fifth-largest proportions of racial minorities in the nation. [ 130 ] In 2006, 645,744 were counted as alien bear, which represents chiefly people from Latin America and Asia. About four percentage are undocumented immigrants. [ 131 ] Maryland besides has a large korean american english population. [ 132 ] In fact, 1.7 percentage are Korean, while as a hale, 6.7 percentage are asian. [ 133 ] According to The Williams Institute ‘s psychoanalysis of the 2010 U.S. census, 12,538 same-sex couples are living in Maryland, representing 5.8 same-sex couples per 1,000 households. [ 134 ] In 2019, non-Hispanic ashen Americans were 49.8 % of Maryland ‘s population ( White Americans, including White Hispanics, were 57.3 % ), which made Maryland a majority minority state. [ 135 ] 50.2 % of Maryland ‘s population is colored, or is hispanic or Latino, the highest percentage of any state on the East Coast, and the highest share after the majority-minority states of Hawaii, New Mexico, Texas, California, and Nevada. [ 136 ] By 2031, minorities are projected to become the majority of voting eligible residents of Maryland. [ 137 ]
religion [edit ]
Maryland has been historically big to American Catholic tradition because the English colony of Maryland was intended by George Calvert as a seaport for english Catholics. Baltimore was the seat of the beginning Catholic bishop in the U.S. ( 1789 ), and Emmitsburg was the home and burial place of the foremost American-born citizen to be canonized, St. Elizabeth Ann Seton. Georgetown University, the first Catholic University, was founded in 1789 in what was then part of Maryland. [ 139 ] The Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in Baltimore was the beginning Roman Catholic cathedral built in the United States, and the Archbishop of Baltimore is, albeit without formal primacy, the United States ‘ quasi- primate, [ citation needed ] and much a cardinal. Among the immigrants of the 19th and twentieth centuries from easterly and southerly Europe were many Catholics. Despite its historic relevance to the Catholic Church in the United States, the percentage of Catholics in the state of Maryland is below the national median of 20 %. Demographically, both Protestants and those identifying with no religion are more numerous than Catholics. According to the Pew Research Center, 69 percentage of Maryland ‘s population identifies themselves as Christian. closely 52 % of the pornographic population are Protestants. [ bacillus ] Following Protestantism, Catholicism is the irregular largest religious affiliation, comprising 15 % percentage of the population. [ 138 ] [ 140 ] Amish / Mennonite communities are found in St. Mary ‘s, Garrett, and Cecil counties. [ 141 ] Judaism is the largest non-Christian religion in Maryland, with 241,000 adherents, or four percentage of the entire population. [ 142 ] Jews are numerous throughout Montgomery County and in Pikesville and Owings Mills northwest of Baltimore. An calculate 81,500 jewish Americans live in Montgomery County, constituting approximately 10 % of the full population. [ 143 ] The Seventh-day Adventist Church ‘s world headquarters and Ahmadiyya Muslims ‘ national headquarters are located in Silver Spring, barely outside the District of Columbia .
economy [edit ]
The Bureau of Economic Analysis estimates that Maryland ‘s gross country intersection in 2016 was $ 382.4 billion. [ 144 ] however, Maryland has been using Genuine Progress Indicator, an index of wellbeing, to guide the state of matter ‘s development, quite than relying only on emergence indicators like GDP. [ 145 ] [ 146 ] According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Maryland households are presently the wealthiest in the state, with a 2013 median family income of $ 72,483 [ 147 ] which puts it ahead of New Jersey and Connecticut, which are irregular and one-third respectively. Two of Maryland ‘s counties, Howard and Montgomery, are the second and eleventh wealthiest counties in the nation respectively. Maryland has the most millionaires per head in 2013, with a ratio of 7.7 percentage. [ 148 ] besides, the state ‘s poverty rate of 7.8 percentage is the lowest in the country. [ 149 ] [ 150 ] [ 151 ] per capita personal income in 2006 was $ 43,500, fifth in the state. As of February 2018, the country ‘s unemployment rate was 4.2 percentage. [ 152 ] Maryland ‘s economy benefits from the state ‘s proximity to the federal politics in Washington, D.C., with an emphasis on technical and administrative tasks for the defense/aerospace industry and bio-research laboratories, vitamin a well as staff of satellite government headquarters in the suburban or exurban Baltimore/Washington sphere. Ft. Meade serves as the headquarter of the Defense Information Systems Agency, United States Cyber Command, and the National Security Agency / Central Security Service. In summation, a number of educational and checkup research institutions are located in the submit. In fact, the versatile components of The Johns Hopkins University and its aesculapian research facilities are nowadays the largest single employer in the Baltimore area. Altogether, white collar technical and administrative workers comprise 25 percentage of Maryland ‘s british labour party violence, [ citation needed ] attributable in part to nearby Maryland being a separate of the Washington Metro Area where the union government agency employment is relatively high gear. manufacture, while large in dollar value, is highly diversify with no sub-sector contributing over 20 percentage of the sum. distinctive forms of manufacturing include electronics, computer equipment, and chemicals. The once-mighty chief metals sub-sector, which once included what was then the largest sword factory in the world at Sparrows Point, still exists, but is pressed with foreign contest, bankruptcies, and mergers. During World War II the Glenn Martin Company ( now character of Lockheed Martin ) airplane factory employed some 40,000 people. Mining other than construction materials is virtually circumscribed to coal, which is located in the mountainous western function of the state. The brownstone quarries in the east, which gave Baltimore and Washington much of their characteristic architecture in the mid-19th hundred, were once a overriding natural resource. historically, there used to be little gold-mining operations in Maryland, some near Washington, but these no longer exist .
Baltimore port [edit ]
One major overhaul action is department of transportation, centered on the Port of Baltimore and its relate rail and truck access. The larboard ranked 17th in the U.S. by tonnage in 2008. [ 153 ] Although the port handles a wide-eyed variety show of products, the most typical imports are crude materials and bulk commodities, such as iron ore, petroleum, sugar, and fertilizers, much distributed to the relatively cheeseparing fabricate centers of the inland Midwest via good overland transportation. The interface besides receives respective brands of imported motor vehicles and is the number one car port in the U.S. [ 154 ] Baltimore City is among the top 15 largest ports in the nation, [ 155 ] and was one of six major U.S. ports that were part of the February 2006 controversy over the Dubai Ports World share. [ 156 ] The state as a whole is heavily industrialized, with a boom economy and influential engineering centers. Its calculator industries are some of the most twist in the United States, and the federal government has invested heavy in the area. Maryland is home to several large military bases and scores of high-level government jobs. The Chesapeake and Delaware Canal is a 14 miles ( 23 kilometer ) canal on the Eastern Shore that connects the waters of the Delaware River with those of the Chesapeake Bay, and in particular with the Port of Baltimore, carrying 40 percentage of the port ‘s embark traffic. [ 157 ]
department of agriculture and fishing [edit ]
Maryland has a large food-production sector. A big part of this is commercial fishing, centered in the Chesapeake Bay, but besides including bodily process off the short Atlantic seashore. The largest catches by species are the blue crab, oysters, striped bass, and menhaden. The Bay besides has overwintering waterfowl in its wildlife refuges. The waterfowl defend a tourism sector of sportsmen .
agribusiness is an crucial depart of the country ‘s economy. Maryland has large areas of fertile agrarian land in its coastal and Piedmont zones, though this land use is being encroached upon by urbanization. agribusiness is oriented to dairy agrarian ( specially in foothill and piedmont areas ) for nearby large city milksheads, plus specialization perishable gardening crops, such as cucumbers, watermelons, sweetly corn, tomatoes, muskmelons, squash, and peas ( source : USDA Crop Profiles ). The southerly counties of the western shoreline of Chesapeake Bay are warm enough to support a tobacco cash crop zone, which has existed since early Colonial times, but declined greatly after a state politics buy-out in the 1990s. There is besides a large automated chicken -farming sector in the state of matter ‘s southeastern separate ; Salisbury is home to Perdue Farms. Maryland ‘s food-processing plants are the most significant type of fabricate by respect in the state .
biotechnology [edit ]
Maryland is a major center for life sciences research and development. With more than 400 biotechnology companies located there, Maryland is the fourth-largest nexus in this field in the United States. [ 158 ] Institutions and government agencies with an interest in research and development located in Maryland include the Johns Hopkins University, the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, more than one campus of the University System of Maryland, Goddard Space Flight Center, the United States Census Bureau, the National Institutes of Health ( NIH ), the National Institute of Standards and Technology ( NIST ), the National Institute of Mental Health ( NIMH ), the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, the federal Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ), the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the Celera Genomics company, the J. Craig Venter Institute ( JCVI ), and AstraZeneca ( once MedImmune ). Maryland is home to defense contractile organ Emergent BioSolutions, which manufactures and provides an anthrax vaccine to U.S. government military personnel. [ 159 ]
tourism [edit ]
The beach haunt town of Ocean City along the Atlantic Ocean is a popular tourist finish in Maryland. tourism is democratic in Maryland. many tourists visit Baltimore, the beaches of the Eastern Shore, and the nature of westerly Maryland. Attractions in Baltimore include the Harborplace, the Baltimore Aquarium, Fort McHenry, deoxyadenosine monophosphate well as the Camden Yards baseball stadium. Ocean City on the Atlantic Coast has been a popular beach finish in summer, particularly since the Chesapeake Bay Bridge was built in 1952 connecting the Eastern Shore to the more populate Maryland cities. [ 48 ] The state das kapital of Annapolis offers sites such as the state capitol construction, the historic district, and the waterfront. Maryland besides has several sites of interest to military history, given Maryland ‘s function in the American Civil War and in the War of 1812. early attractions include the historic and picturesque towns along the Chesapeake Bay, such as Saint Mary ‘s, Maryland ‘s first colonial liquidation and master capital. [ 160 ]
healthcare [edit ]
As of 2017, the crown two health insurers including all types of insurance were CareFirst BlueCross BlueShield with 47 % market contribution followed by UnitedHealth Group at 15 %. [ 161 ] Maryland has experimented with healthcare payment reforms, notably beginning in the 1970s with an all-payer rate setting platform regulated by the Health Services Cost Review Commission. [ 162 ] In 2014, it switched to a global budget gross organization, whereby hospitals receive a capitated payment to care for their population. [ 162 ]
transportation [edit ]
The Maryland Department of Transportation oversees most transportation system in the state of matter through its respective administration-level agencies. [ 163 ] The independent Maryland Transportation Authority maintains and operates the country ‘s eight toll facilities .
Roads [edit ]
Maryland ‘s Interstate highways include 110 miles ( 180 kilometer ) of Interstate 95 ( I-95 ), which enters the northeast helping of the state, travels through Baltimore, and becomes function of the eastern section of the Capital Beltway to the Woodrow Wilson Bridge. I-68 travels 81 miles ( 130 kilometer ), connecting the western portions of the state to I-70 at the small township of Hancock. I-70 enters from Pennsylvania north of Hancock and continues east for 93 miles ( 150 kilometer ) to Baltimore, connecting Hagerstown and Frederick along the way. I-83 has 34 miles ( 55 kilometer ) in Maryland and connects Baltimore to southern cardinal Pennsylvania ( Harrisburg and York, Pennsylvania ). Maryland besides has an 11-mile ( 18 kilometer ) helping of I-81 that travels through the country near Hagerstown. I-97, fully contained within Anne Arundel County and the short ( 17.6 miles ( 28.3 kilometer ) ) one- or two-digit interstate highway in the conterminous US, connects the Baltimore area to the Annapolis area. There are besides respective aide Interstate highways in Maryland. Among them are two beltways encircling the major cities of the region : I-695, the McKeldin ( Baltimore ) Beltway, which encircles Baltimore ; and a share of I-495, the Capital Beltway, which encircles Washington, D.C. I-270, which connects the Frederick sphere with Northern Virginia and the District of Columbia through major suburbs to the northwest of Washington, is a major commuter route and is adenine wide as fourteen lanes at points. I-895, besides known as the Harbor Tunnel Thruway, provides an alternate route to I-95 across the Baltimore Harbor. Both I-270 and the Capital Beltway were extremely congested ; however, the Intercounty Connector ( ICC ; MD 200 ) has alleviated some congestion over time. construction of the ICC was a major separate of the campaign platform of former Governor Robert Ehrlich, who was in office from 2003 until 2007, and of Governor Martin O’Malley, who succeeded him. I-595, which is an unsigned highway coincident with US 50 / US 301, is the longest unsigned interstate in the state and connects Prince George ‘s County and Washington, D.C. with Annapolis and the Eastern Shore via the Chesapeake Bay Bridge .
Maryland besides has a department of state highway system that contains routes numbered from 2 through 999, however most of the higher-numbered routes are either unsigned or are relatively short. major country highways include Routes 2 ( Governor Ritchie Highway/Solomons Island Road/Southern Maryland Blvd. ), 4 ( Pennsylvania Avenue /Southern Maryland Blvd./Patuxent Beach Road/St. Andrew ‘s Church Road ), 5 ( Branch Avenue/Leonardtown Road/Point Lookout Road ), 32, 45 ( York Road ), 97 ( Georgia Avenue ), 100 ( Paul T. Pitcher Memorial Highway ), 210 ( indian Head Highway ), 235 ( Three Notch Road ), 295 ( Baltimore-Washington Parkway ), 355 ( Wisconsin Avenue/Rockville Pike/Frederick Road ), 404 ( Queen Anne Highway/ Shore Highway ), and 650 ( New Hampshire Avenue ) .
Airports [edit ]
Maryland ‘s largest airport is Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport, more normally referred to as BWI. The airport is named for the Baltimore-born Thurgood Marshall, the first african-american Supreme Court justice. The only early airports with commercial service are at Hagerstown and Salisbury. The Maryland suburb of Washington, D.C. are besides served by the other two airports in the region, Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport and Dulles International Airport, both in Northern Virginia. The College Park Airport is the nation ‘s oldest, founded in 1909, and is silent used. Wilbur Wright trained military aviators at this location. [ 164 ] [ 165 ]
vilify [edit ]
Amtrak trains, including the high-speed Acela Express serve Baltimore ‘s Penn Station, BWI Airport, New Carrollton, and Aberdeen along the Washington, D.C. to Boston Northeast Corridor. In addition, train service is provided to Rockville and Cumberland by Amtrak ‘s Washington, D.C., to Chicago Capitol Limited .
Ellicott City Station, on the original B&O Railroad line, is the oldest remaining passenger station in the United States. The rail line is still used by CSX Transportation for freight trains, and the station is now a museum. The WMATA ‘s Metrorail rapid transit and Metrobus local bus systems ( the 2nd and 6th busy in the nation of their respective modes ) provide service in Montgomery and Prince George ‘s counties and connect them to Washington, D.C., with the press out Metrobus Route B30 serving BWI Airport. The Maryland Transit Administration ( often abbreviated as “ MTA Maryland ” ), a state of matter representation share of the Maryland Department of Transportation besides provides transit services within the submit. Headquartered in Baltimore, MTA ‘s theodolite services are largely focused on central Maryland, vitamin a good as some portions of the Eastern Shore and Southern MD. Baltimore ‘s Light RailLink and Metro SubwayLink systems serve its dumbly populated inner-city and the surrounding suburb. The MTA besides serves the city and its suburb with its local anesthetic bus military service ( the 9th largest system in the nation ). The MTA ‘s Commuter Bus system provides carry coach service on longer routes connecting Washington, D.C. and Baltimore to parts of Central and Southern MD a well as the Eastern Shore. The commuter railing service, known as MARC, operates three lines which all end at Washington Union Station and provide service to Baltimore ‘s Penn and Camden stations, Perryville, Frederick, and Martinsburg, WV. In addition, many suburban counties operate local bus systems which connect to and complement the larger MTA and WMATA/Metro services. The MTA will besides administer the Purple Line, an under-construction light rail line that will connect the Maryland branches of the Red, Green / Yellow, and Orange lines of the Washington Metro, adenine well as offer transfers to all three lines of the MARC commuter rail system. [ 166 ] [ 167 ] Freight fulminate enchant is handled chiefly by two class I railroads, ampere well as several smaller regional and local carriers. CSX Transportation has more extensive trackage throughout the state, with 560 miles ( 900 kilometer ), [ 168 ] followed by Norfolk Southern Railway. Major rail yards are located in Baltimore and Cumberland, [ 168 ] with an intermodal concluding ( fulminate, hand truck and marine ) in Baltimore. [ 169 ]
law and government [edit ]
The government of Maryland is conducted according to the state constitution. The politics of Maryland, like the other 49 state governments, has exclusive assurance over matters that lie entirely within the express ‘s borders, except as limited by the Constitution of the United States. office in Maryland is divided among three branches of politics : executive, legislative, and judicial. The Maryland General Assembly is composed of the Maryland House of Delegates and the Maryland Senate. Maryland ‘s governor is unique in the United States as the office is vested with significant agency in budget. The legislature may not increase the governor ‘s propose budget expenditures. Unlike many other states, meaning autonomy is granted to many of Maryland ‘s counties. Most of the business of government is conducted in Annapolis, the submit capital. Elections for governor and most statewide offices, a well as most county elections, are held in midterm-election years ( even-numbered years not divisible by four ). The discriminative branch of express government consists of one joined District Court of Maryland that sits in every county and Baltimore City, a good as 24 Circuit Courts sitting in each County and Baltimore City, the latter being courts of cosmopolitan legal power for all civil disputes over $ 30,000, all equitable jurisdiction and major criminal proceedings. The intermediate appellate court is known as the Court of particular Appeals and the state supreme court is the Court of Appeals. The appearance of the judges of the Maryland Court of Appeals is singular ; Maryland is the only submit whose judges wear crimson robes. [ 170 ]
taxation [edit ]
Maryland imposes five income tax brackets, ranging from 2 to 6.25 percentage of personal income. [ 171 ] The city of Baltimore and Maryland ‘s 23 counties levy local “ piggyback ” income taxes at rates between 1.25 and 3.2 percentage of Maryland taxable income. local anesthetic officials set the rates and the tax income is returned to the local governments quarterly. The top income tax bracket of 9.45 percentage is the fifth highest combined state and local income tax rates in the country, behind New York City ‘s 11.35 percentage, California ‘s 10.3 percentage, Rhode Island ‘s 9.9 percentage, and Vermont ‘s 9.5 percentage. [ 172 ] Maryland ‘s department of state sales tax is six percentage. [ 173 ] All real property in Maryland is subject to the property tax. [ 174 ] Generally, properties that are owned and used by religious, charitable, or educational organizations or place owned by the federal, state or local governments are nontaxable. [ 174 ] Property tax rates vary widely. [ 174 ] No restrictions or limitations on property taxes are imposed by the state, meaning cities and counties can set tax rates at the level they deem necessary to fund governmental services. [ 174 ]
Elections [edit ]
Since before the Civil War, Maryland ‘s elections have been largely controlled by the Democrats, which account for 54.9 % of all registered voters as of May 2017. [ 175 ] state elections are dominated by Baltimore and the populous suburban counties bordering Washington, D.C., and Baltimore : montgomery, Prince George ‘s, Anne Arundel, and Baltimore counties. As of July 2017, [ 176 ] sixty-six percentage of the state ‘s population resides in these six jurisdictions, most of which contain bombastic, traditionally democratic Voting bloc : african Americans in Baltimore City and Prince George ‘s, federal employees in Prince George ‘s, Anne Arundel, and Montgomery, and post-graduates in Montgomery. The remainder of the submit, particularly western Maryland and the Eastern Shore, is more supportive of Republicans. [ citation needed ] One of Maryland ‘s best known political figures is a republican — former governor Spiro Agnew, who pled no contest to tax evasion and resigned in 1973. [ 177 ] In 1980, Maryland was one of six states to vote for Jimmy Carter. In 1992, Bill Clinton fared better in Maryland than any other express, except his home submit of Arkansas. In 1996, Maryland was Clinton ‘s sixth best ; in 2000, Maryland ranked fourthly for Gore ; and in 2004, John Kerry showed his fifth-best operation in Maryland. In 2008, Barack Obama won the state ‘s 10 electoral votes with 61.9 percentage of the vote, to John McCain ‘s 36.5 percentage. In 2002, former Governor Robert Ehrlich was the foremost Republican to be elected to that office in four decades, and after one terminus, he lost his seat to Baltimore Mayor and Democrat Martin O’Malley. Ehrlich ran again for governor in 2010, losing again to O’Malley .
| Voter Registration and Party Enrollment of Maryland[178] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Total | Percentage | |||
| Democratic | 2,249,296 | 54.39% | |||
| Republican | 991,944 | 23.98% | |||
| Independents and unaffiliated | 824,969 | 19.95% | |||
| Other parties | 69,571 | 1.68% | |||
| Total | 4,135,780 | 100.00% | |||
The 2006 election brought no change in the model of democratic laterality. After democratic Senator Paul Sarbanes announced that he was retiring, democratic Congressman Benjamin Cardin defeated Republican Lieutenant Governor Michael S. Steele, with 55 percentage of the vote, against Steele ‘s 44 percentage. While Republicans normally win more counties, by piling up large margins in the west and east, they are besides normally swamped by the more dumbly populated and heavily democratic Baltimore–Washington axis. In 2008, for exemplify, McCain won 17 counties to Obama ‘s six ; Obama besides carried Baltimore City. While McCain won most of the western and easterly counties by margins of 2-to-1 or more, he was about completely shut out in the larger counties surrounding Baltimore and Washington ; every big county, except Anne Arundel, went for Obama. [ 179 ] From 2007 to 2011, U.S. Congressman Steny Hoyer ( MD-5 ), a Democrat, was elected as Majority Leader for the hundred-and-tenth Congress and 111th Congress of the House of Representatives, serving in that position again starting in 2019. In addition, Hoyer served as House Minority Whip from 2003 to 2006 and 2012 to 2018. His zone covers parts of Anne Arundel and Prince George ‘s counties, in addition to all of Charles, Calvert, and St. Mary ‘s counties in southerly Maryland. [ 180 ] In 2010, Republicans won master of most counties. The democratic Party remained in control of eight county governments, including that of Baltimore. [ 181 ] In 2014, Larry Hogan, a moderate Republican, [ 182 ] was elected Governor of Maryland. [ 183 ] Hogan is the irregular Republican to become the Governor of Maryland since Spiro Agnew, who resigned in 1969 to become vice president. In 2018, Hogan was re-elected to a second term of office. Per the constitution of Maryland, Hogan is term-limited, and may not run for a one-third consecutive term in the 2022 Maryland gubernatorial election. In a 2020 study, Maryland was ranked by the Election Law Journal as the 5th easiest department of state for citizens to vote in. [ 184 ]
LGBT rights and community [edit ]
The first person known to describe himself as a drag queen was William Dorsey Swann, born enslaved in Hancock, Maryland. Swann was the first american on criminal record who pursued legal and political action to defend the LGBTQ residential district ‘s right to assemble. [ 185 ] In February 2010, Attorney General Doug Gansler issued an impression stating that Maryland law should honor same-sex marriages from out of department of state. At the time, the state of matter Supreme Court wrote a decision uphold marriage discrimination. [ 134 ] On March 1, 2012, Maryland Governor Martin O’Malley signed the exemption to marry bill into law after it passed in the state legislature. immediately after, opponents of same-sex marriage began collecting signatures to overturn the law. The law was scheduled to face a referendum, as interview 6, in the November 2012 election. [ 134 ] In May 2012, Maryland ‘s Court of Appeals ruled that the express will recognize marriages of same-sex couples who married out-of-state, no count the consequence of the November election. [ 134 ] Voters voted 52 % to 48 % for Question 6 on November 6, 2012. Same-sex couples began marrying in Maryland on January 1, 2013. [ 134 ] A large majority ( 57 % ) of Maryland voters said they would vote to uphold the exemption to marry at the ballot in November 2012, with 37 % saying they would vote against marriage for all couples. This is consistent with a January 2011 Gonzales Research & Marketing Strategies poll showing 51 % corroborate for marriage in the department of state. [ 186 ]
Media [edit ]
A long-familiar newspaper is The Baltimore Sun. many residents of the Washington metropolitan area experience The Washington Post. The most populous areas are served by either Baltimore or Washington, D.C. air stations. The eastern Shore is served chiefly by broadcast media based around the Delmarva Peninsula ; the northeastern section receives both Baltimore and Philadelphia stations. Garrett County, which is cragged, is served by stations from Pittsburgh, and requires cable or satellite for reception. Maryland is served by statewide PBS member post Maryland Public Television ( MPT ) .
department of education [edit ]
Primary and secondary education [edit ]
UMBC Commons and Quad department of education Week ranked Maryland # 1 in its nationally 2009–2013 quality Counts reports. [ citation needed ] The College Board ‘s 9th Annual AP Report to the Nation besides ranked Maryland first. [ citation needed ] Primary and secondary education in Maryland is oversee by the Maryland State Department of Education, which is headquartered in Baltimore. [ 187 ] The highest educational official in the state is the State Superintendent of Schools, who is appointed by the State Board of Education to a four-year terminus of office. The Maryland General Assembly has given the Superintendent and State Board autonomy to make educationally relate decisions, limiting its influence on the daily functions of public education. Each county and county-equivalent in Maryland has a local Board of Education charged with running the public schools in that particular jurisdiction. The budget for education was $ 5.5 billion in 2009, representing about 40 percentage of the state ‘s general investment company. [ 188 ] Data from the 2017 census shows that, among large school districts, four Maryland districts are in the clear six for per-pupil annual spending, exceeded only by the Boston and New York City districts. [ 189 ] Maryland has a broad range of individual primary coil and secondary schools. many of these are affiliated with assorted religious sects, including insular schools of the Catholic Church, Quaker schools, Seventh-day Adventist schools, and jewish schools. In 2003, Maryland police was changed to allow for the creation of publicly funded rent schools, although the lease schools must be approved by their local Board of Education and are not exempt from express laws on education, including collective bargain laws. In 2008, the state led the stallion country in the percentage of students passing Advanced Placement examinations. 23.4 percentage of students earned passing grades on the AP tests given in May 2008. This marks the beginning year that Maryland earned this honor. [ 190 ] Three Maryland high schools ( in Montgomery County ) were ranked among the top 100 in the state by US News in 2009, based in big part on AP test scores. [ 191 ]
Colleges and universities [edit ]
Maryland has several historic and celebrated private colleges and universities, the most outstanding of which is Johns Hopkins University, founded in 1876 with a allow from Baltimore entrepreneur Johns Hopkins. The first public university in the state of matter is the University of Maryland, Baltimore, which was founded in 1807 and contains the University of Maryland ‘s only public academic health, human services, and one of two law centers ( the other being the University of Baltimore School of Law ). Seven professional and graduate schools train the majority of the state ‘s physicians, nurses, dentists, lawyers, social workers, and pharmacists. [ 192 ] The flagship university and largest undergraduate institution in Maryland is the University of Maryland, College Park which was founded as the Maryland Agricultural College in 1856 and became a populace bring grant college in 1864. Towson University, founded in 1866, is the state ‘s second gear largest university. In 1974, Maryland, along with seven other states, chiefly in the South, submitted plans to desegregate its submit universities ; Maryland ‘s plans were approved by the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. [ 193 ] Baltimore is home to the University of Maryland, Baltimore County and the Maryland Institute College of Art. The majority of public universities in the state ( Bowie State University, Coppin State University, Frostburg State University, Salisbury University and the University of Maryland-Eastern Shore ) are affiliated with the University System of Maryland. Two state-funded institutions, Morgan State University and St. Mary ‘s College of Maryland, a well as two federally fund institutions, the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the United States Naval Academy, are not affiliated with the University System of Maryland. The University of Maryland Global Campus is the largest public university in Maryland [ 194 ] and one of the largest distance-learning institutions in the worldly concern. [ 195 ] St. John ‘s College in Annapolis and Washington College in Chestertown, both individual institutions, are the oldest colleges in the state and among the oldest in the country. other private institutions include Mount St. Mary ‘s University, McDaniel College ( once known as western Maryland College ), Hood College, Stevenson University ( once known as Villa Julie College ), Loyola University Maryland, and Goucher College, among others .
Public libraries [edit ]
Maryland ‘s 24 public library systems deliver public department of education for everyone in the country of Maryland through a course of study that comprises three pillars : autonomous Education ( books and materials in all formats, e-resources ), Research Assistance & Instruction ( individualized research aid, classes for students of all ages ), and Instructive & Enlightening Experiences ( for example, Summer Reading Clubs, author events ). Maryland ‘s library systems include, in share :
many of the library systems have established formalized partnerships with other educational institutions in their counties and regions. [ 197 ]
Sports [edit ]
With two major metropolitan areas, Maryland has a number of major and minor professional sports franchises. Two National Football League teams play in Maryland, the Baltimore Ravens in Baltimore and the Washington Commanders in Landover. The Baltimore Colts represented the NFL in Baltimore from 1953 to 1983 before moving to Indianapolis. The Baltimore Orioles are the state ‘s Major League Baseball franchise. The National Hockey League ‘s Washington Capitals and the National Basketball Association ‘s Washington Wizards once played in Maryland, until the construction of an stadium in Washington, D.C. in 1997 ( now known as Capital One Arena ). University of Maryland ‘s team is the Maryland Terrapins. Maryland enjoys considerable historic repute for the talented sports players of its past, including Cal Ripken Jr. and Babe Ruth. In 2012, The Baltimore Sun published a list of Maryland ‘s acme ten-spot athletes in the country ‘s history. The list includes Babe Ruth, Cal Ripken Jr, Johnny Unitas, Brooks Robinson, Frank Robinson, Ray Lewis, Michael Phelps, Jimmie Foxx, Jim Parker, and Wes Unseld. [ 198 ] other professional sports franchises in the department of state include three affiliate minor league baseball teams, one autonomous league baseball team, the Baltimore Blast indoor soccer team, two indoor football teams, three subordinate outdoor soccer teams, and the Chesapeake Bayhawks of Major League Lacrosse. Maryland is besides home to one of the three races in knight rush ‘s annual Triple Crown, the Preakness Stakes, which is run every give at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore. The Baltimore Stallions were a canadian Football team in the CFL that played the 1994–95 season. The congressional state Club has hosted three golf tournaments for the U.S. Open and a PGA Championship. The official state sport of Maryland, since 1962, is jousting ; the official team sport since 2004 is lacrosse. [ 199 ] The National Lacrosse Hall of Fame is located on the Johns Hopkins University campus in Baltimore. In 2008, intending to promote physical fitness for all ages, walking became the official department of state practice. Maryland is the first state of matter with an official state exercise. [ 200 ]
Friendship partners [edit ]
Maryland has relationships with many provinces, states, and other entities worldwide .
See besides [edit ]
Notes [edit ]
References [edit ]
bibliography [edit ]
Coordinates :
