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City in Western Australia
Mandurah ( ) is a coastal city in the australian state of westerly Australia, situated approximately 72 kilometres ( 45 myocardial infarction ) south of the department of state capital, Perth. It is the state ‘s second most populous city, with a population of approximately 117,000, ahead of that of nearby Bunbury.
Reading: Mandurah – Wikipedia
Mandurah ‘s central business district is located on the Mandurah Estuary, which is an wall socket for the Peel Inlet and Harvey Estuary. The city ‘s appoint is derived from the Noongar news mandjar, meaning “ converge position ” or “ trade place ”. A townsite for Mandurah was laid out in 1831, two years after the constitution of the Swan River Colony, but attracted few residents. Until the post-war boom of the 1950s and 1960s it was little more than a belittled fishing village. In subsequent years, Mandurah ‘s reputation for boating and fishing attracted many retirees, particularly to the canal developments in the city ‘s south. The 1000-hectare suburb of Halls Head was developed during the 1980s by the Parry Corporation and the submit Government Employees Superannuation Board—one of the ill-famed WA Inc deals which by and by gave rise to a royal commission. [ 2 ] : 4–69 Along with four other local government areas ( Boddington, Murray, Serpentine-Jarrahdale, and Waroona ), the City of Mandurah is included in the wide Peel region. Mandurah is sometimes grouped together with Perth for statistical purposes, particularly since the extension of the Kwinana Freeway and the completion of the Mandurah railroad track line in the late 2000s. The two cities now form a conurbation along the indian Ocean coastline, although the Perth metropolitan sphere officially ends at Singleton .
geography [edit ]
Mandurah has grown from isolate vacation communities along the shores of the Peel-Harvey Estuary to a major regional city in just over a decade, in a similar vein to the Gold Coast in Eastern Australia. In recent times, it has formed a conurbation with Perth along the coast ; it is only 18 km ( 11 mi ) confederacy of Rockingham, a southern suburb of Perth. Mandurah has besides become a democratic life style alternative for Perth retirees and its connection with the Perth CBD has been strengthened with the open of the Perth-Mandurah railway argumentation in December 2007 and a direct road connection to the Kwinana Freeway built by late 2010. A house affordability survey of 227 cities in 2008 ranked it the least low-cost city in Australia. [ 3 ]
geology [edit ]
The waters of the Peel Inlet and Harvey Estuary ( one of Australia ‘s larger inlet systems ) form the center of Mandurah. The estuary is approximately doubly the size of Sydney Harbour. The city lies in and around this fresh water system which in plow feeds into the amerind Ocean. The city and its suburbs have many kilometres of ocean coastline most of which is flaxen beaches. Mandurah besides has a number of suburb built around artificially created duct systems that extend from the Peel Inlet, such as Halls Head, Dudley Park and Wannanup. In terms of geology, much of Mandurah lies on the dune systems which dominate South Western WA ‘s coastline, increasingly grading towards the Swan Coastal Plain as one travels inland. The area has infertile soils due to the dunes being rather flaxen, having poor urine retention qualities. Limestone outcrops are found to the north of the city specially along the Mandurah railroad track line. Mandurah is the closest city to Yalgorup National Park which is family to modern thrombolites equally well as an array of flora and fauna. Mandurah is located in the Swan Coastal Plain ecoregion. The ecoregion contains an array of vegetation, from coastal dune and sandplains to banksia and eucalypt woodlands. Mandurah is covered by shoreline and dune deposits from the Pleistocene and Holocene that overlie Paleozoic and Neogene deposits of the Perth Basin. Coastal dun feature scrub-heath communities, though banksia low woodlands occur on the soils of coastal dunes. Progressing inland give way to eucalypt woodlands. [ 4 ] seasonal worker wetlands ( dry in the summer and besotted in winter ) are the most divers habitat in the Swan Coastal Plain, which Mandurah has respective wetland regions around the Peel Inlet. The wetland feature several osprey nests, spoonbill and darters. other animal includes galah, short-beaked black cockatoo, long-billed black cockatoo, and australian ringneck among others. australian ringnecks face competition for nesting space from rainbow lorikeet, an inaugurate species in western Australia, that has now spread to Mandurah. Despite attempts to eradicate rainbow lorikeets, the population has grown to the indicate that they can nobelium longer be eradicated. [ 5 ]
political [edit ]
Mandurah is typically considered a marginal area for both major parties at both country and federal politics. Northern Mandurah lies in the dependable Labor seat of Brand, held by Gary Gray, while southern and cardinal Mandurah lies in the more fringy Canning, held by the Liberal Party ‘s Andrew Hastie. State politics besides highlight a meaning separate. Northern and central Mandurah is located in the safe Labor seat of Mandurah held by David Templeman, while southerly Mandurah is located in Dawesville, a traditionally safe Liberal seat that was swept up in Labor ‘s massive landslide of 2021, and is now held by Labor ‘s Lisa Munday. A paring of easterly Mandurah is located on Murray-Wellington, held by Labor ‘s Robyn Clarke. Despite technically being in a regional sphere, the National Party vote is about negligible .
climate [edit ]
Sharing a alike climate to Perth, Mandurah has a typical Mediterranean climate ( Köppen classification Csa ) with hot dry summers and mild wet winters. During summer ( December to February ), the average maximum temperature is 27 °C ( 80 °F ) with an average minimum temperature of 19 °C ( 66 °F ). At its extreme point it can get very hot, often having a couple of days exceed 40 °C ( 104 °F ) in the latter half of summer. In winter ( June to August ), the average maximal temperature is 18 °C ( 64 °F ) with an average minimum temperature of 9 °C ( 48 °F ). Mandurah ‘s proximity to the ocean moderates diurnal temperatures slightly, with temperatures a few kilometres inland much 4 or 5 degrees warmer during summer days ( or cooler during winter nights ). Frosts are identical rare as a solution, but do occur annually around suburbs such as Greenfields. The current weather station opened in 2001 and is situated right on the coastline, causing data recorded to appear warm during winter nights and cool in summer days compared to surrounding areas. Mandurah besides receives a centrist though highly seasonal worker rain of about 850 mm a year, however late trends have seen this once reliable rain flatten importantly. In addition, most of the winter rains are normally accompanied by austere winds and storms adequate to of causing widespread damage, making Mandurah one of the windiest cities in Australia. These conditions are perfect for tornado formation, which Mandurah ‘s climate is remarkable for producing one of the highest densities of tornadoes in the earth. [ 6 ] summer storms are rare due to the Mediterranean climate in the city, but not unheard of. Mandurah was affected to a lesser degree than Perth in the 2010 Western Australian storms, but the 2011–12 summer was luminary for Mandurah bearing the brunt of three hard thunderstorms. One such storm on 12 December 2011 gave Mandurah about seven times its monthly average ( 69.4 mm compared to an average of 15.5 millimeter ), which was eclipsed precisely one class late on 12 December 2012 ( 74.2 millimeter ). Another storm on 20 January 2012 dumped 57 millimeter on the city causing power outages and flash flood. One man and numerous buildings in the city were struck by lightning during the storm, which produced 2,300 strikes within 30 kilometres of the city, which was more than what neighbouring perth receives in an entire class and comparable to the most severe electric storms for which places in the tropics like Darwin are known. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ]
| Climate data for Mandurah, Western Australia | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 41.0 (105.8) | 39.5 (103.1) | 37.8 (100.0) | 32.9 (91.2) | 28.8 (83.8) | 25.6 (78.1) | 22.2 (72.0) | 21.4 (70.5) | 25.6 (78.1) | 32.4 (90.3) | 37.7 (99.9) | 39.6 (103.3) | 41.0 (105.8) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 29.3 (84.7) | 29.6 (85.3) | 27.6 (81.7) | 24.4 (75.9) | 20.6 (69.1) | 18.1 (64.6) | 17.3 (63.1) | 17.7 (63.9) | 19.2 (66.6) | 21.2 (70.2) | 24.4 (75.9) | 27.0 (80.6) | 23.0 (73.4) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 17.2 (63.0) | 17.1 (62.8) | 15.8 (60.4) | 13.9 (57.0) | 11.2 (52.2) | 9.7 (49.5) | 9.0 (48.2) | 9.2 (48.6) | 9.9 (49.8) | 10.7 (51.3) | 13.6 (56.5) | 15.5 (59.9) | 12.7 (54.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 10.1 (50.2) | 9.7 (49.5) | 6.6 (43.9) | 5.1 (41.2) | 2.4 (36.3) | 0.9 (33.6) | 1.9 (35.4) | 0.6 (33.1) | 3.1 (37.6) | 3.8 (38.8) | 4.3 (39.7) | 9.5 (49.1) | 0.6 (33.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 9.6 (0.38) | 13.3 (0.52) | 19.6 (0.77) | 44.0 (1.73) | 126.2 (4.97) | 189.7 (7.47) | 175.4 (6.91) | 126.6 (4.98) | 84.7 (3.33) | 51.8 (2.04) | 22.8 (0.90) | 11.6 (0.46) | 875.1 (34.45) |
| Source: [10] | |||||||||||||
history [edit ]
The Noongar ( or Bibbulmun ) people, who inhabited the southwest of western Australia, named the area Mandjar ( “ confluence place ” ), which has morphed into the present day diagnose ‘Mandurah ‘. In December 1829, Thomas Peel arrived in western Australia from the United Kingdom with workmen, equipment and stores on the ship Gilmore. He had financed the trip in switch over for a award of land in the Swan River Colony. A term of the grant was that he arrive no late than 1 November 1829, therefore his original farming grant was forfeited. Undaunted, Peel built a little settlement named Clarence confederacy of the Swan River Colony at what is known nowadays as Woodman Point. [ 11 ] Facing many problems with the settlement and his own ill-health, Peel led the remaining clarence settlers to the area known today as Mandurah. [ 12 ] soon after, other settlers besides took up land in Mandurah including the families Hall ( whose bungalow at Halls Head is one of the region ‘s most celebrated inheritance places ), Tuckey and Eacott. The census of 1837 records only 12 settlers at Mandurah, credibly representing only 3 households. [ 13 ] Thomas Peel died in 1865 but Mandurah continued to grow, albeit very lento, over the years leading to the twentieth hundred. fish were abundant in the early on years, and in 1870 a pisces cannery was established at Mandurah. [ 14 ] Canning factories sustained the preservation of produce from local fish and fruit industries. [ 15 ] A railway line between Perth and Pinjarra was opened in 1893, which allowed Mandurah to emerge as a tourism hub in the area. [ 15 ]
example of an older-style coastal home at Mandurah The population of the town was 160 ( 95 males and 65 females ) in 1898. [ 16 ] Mandurah was administered under the Murray Road Board until 1949, when the Mandurah Road Board was established. however, disagreement within the board during the 1950s saw it suspended and Commissioner Richard Rushton oversaw the town ‘s affairs. On 26 April 1960, the Mandurah Road Board was reconstituted, and on 1 July 1961, in accord with the local Government Act 1960, the Shire of Mandurah was founded. Industrial development at Kwinana ( 1955 ), [ 17 ] a mining boom in nearby Jarrahdale ( 1963 ) [ 18 ] and Wagerup ( 1984 ), [ 19 ] with the consociate industrial boom in Pinjarra ( 1963 ), [ 20 ] combined with an idyllic life style by the coast, saw Mandurah grow quickly, and on 1 July 1987 it was upgraded to the Town of Mandurah. Three years late, on 14 April 1990, Mandurah became the fifth non-metropolitan colony in western Australia to become a city. [ 21 ]
Places of cultural inheritance significance [edit ]
- Cooper’s Mill (c.1843), Murray Terrace, Cooleenup Island, North Yunderup.[22]
- Christ’s Church (Anglican) (c.1870), 34–36 Pinjarra Road (corner Sholl Street), Mandurah.[23]
- Peel’s house site (1830), southern side of the corner of Mandurah Terrace & Stewart Street, Mandurah.[24]
- Uniting Church (Former Methodist Church – 1940), 26 Sutton Street (corner of Gibson Street), Mandurah.[25]
- Eacott Cottage (1830), 35 Gibla St Mandurah.[26]
- Brighton Hotel (1882), 8–10 Mandurah Terrace, Mandurah.[27]
- Little Theatre and site of the old Fish Cannery (aka Peel Inlet Preserving Works), 5 Mandurah Terrace, Mandurah.[28]
- Sutton’s Corner Store and house, Eureka Shops/Cottage (1862, 1928), 2 Mandurah Terrace, Mandurah.[29]
- Tuckey Store & House & Slim Jim Cotton Palm, 1 Mandurah Terrace, Mandurah.[30]
- Mandurah Museum (incorporating old school – 1900), corner Mandurah Terrace & Pinjarra Road, Mandurah.[31]
- Mandurah Bridge (1894, replaced 1953, 2018), linking the town centre to Halls Head.[32]
- Hall’s Cottage (1833), 7 Leighton Place, Halls Head.[33]
- Sutton’s Farm (1860s), Apollo Place & Picaroon Place, Halls Head.[34]
- Sutton’s graveyard (1860s), corner Finistere Island Retreat & Picaroon Place, Halls Head.[35]
- Allandale Homestead (Dawes House – 1913), Lot 102 Estuary Road, Dawesville.[36]
- Herron Homestead (1866), Lot 85 Quail Road, Herron Lake, Clifton.[37]
- Hardy House (c.1853), 860 Estuary Rd Mandurah.[38]
- Fouracres Cottage ruin (c.1854), west side of Old Coast Road between Peppermint Grove and Coronation Roads, Waroona.[39]
population [edit ]
According to the 2016 census of Population, there were 96,736 people in Mandurah .
- Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 2.2% of the population.
- 66.7% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were England 10.9%, New Zealand 3.8%, South Africa 1.5%, Scotland 1.2% and Philippines 0.9%.
- 87.3% of people spoke only English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Afrikaans 0.6%, Tagalog 0.4%, Italian 0.4%, Filipino 0.3% and Mandarin 0.3%.
- The most common responses for religion were No Religion 33.0%, Anglican 21.8% and Catholic 18.4%.[1]
Economy and use [edit ]
much of Mandurah ‘s economy is based on construction, tourism, professional, scientific and technical foul services, and retail trade, and to a lesser extent on mining and agribusiness. [ 40 ]
tourism [edit ]
Mandurah is considered to be the unofficial gateway to the South West and possesses a diverseness of tourist attractions, most of which are located near the water system. It is a major fish and crabbing sphere in western Australia, with the city well known for the blue miraculous food cancer ( Portunus pelagicus ) with a festival restrain in early on March known as Crabfest. Mandurah is home to WA ‘s largest population of Bootlenose Dolphins ( Tursiops ), presently estimated at 120. [ 41 ] Like neighbouring settlements Bunbury and Rockingham dolphins and whales frequent the city per annum and dolphinfish and whale watch are a popular pastime. In December, the canal areas in Mandurah become well known for their Christmas lights and special gravy boat cruises are frequently promoted as a result. Two menagerie lie down within the outskirts of the city, ampere well as a miniature greenwich village, a tourist railway and a national park.
retail [edit ]
Mandurah has year-round weeklong trade. Mandurah has five distinct shopping areas, including Mandurah Forum [ 42 ] located at the intersection of Pinjarra and Mandurah Roads, The Bridge Quarter ( or The Foreshore ) located in the CBD and Dolphin Quay/Mandurah Ocean Marina built at the intersection of Mandjar Bay and the Peel Inlet. There are besides smaller retail areas in Meadow Springs, Greenfields, Halls Head and Falcon .
mining [edit ]
Although not a mining settlement, Mandurah has a number of mines within two hours of the city. This includes bauxite mine and alumina refine at Pinjarra and Wagerup with the Huntly Mine at Pinjarra the largest in the world. [ citation needed ] Mandurah is besides fair one hour away from the Boddington Gold Mine, which has recently become Australia ‘s largest producing amber mine. [ 43 ]
Festivals [edit ]
Every New Year ‘s Eve, there are fireworks and live entertainment and activities. [ 44 ] throughout the midnight. Mandurah Crab Festival
transportation [edit ]
Mandurah Ocean Marina Bridge highway 1 bisects the city of Mandurah as Mandurah Road towards Fremantle and Old Coast Road towards Bunbury. interim, Pinjarra and Gordon/Lakes Roads serve as major east-west corridors for the northern separate of the city. The Kwinana Freeway and Forrest Highway besides provides a rural bypass for the city. Mandjoogoordap Drive ( once the Mandurah Entrance Road ) besides provides a direct radio link from the Kwinana Freeway. The Mandurah railway line, opened in December 2007, links Mandurah to Perth, with a travel prison term of approximately 50 minutes. Public conveyance within Mandurah is provided by Transperth, due to its proximity to Perth itself, with eleven bus routes servicing the city. Mandurah is besides a stop on Transwa bus services between Perth and the South West. The Mandurah Estuary Bridge was constructed between 1981 and 1986, and was the inaugural incrementally-launched box girder bridge in Australia. The Dawesville Channel ( besides known as the Dawesville Cut ), a boastfully man-made channel, was opened in April 1994. It was created to allow saline solution seawater from the indian Ocean to flush into the Peel Inlet, to deal with the incidence of algal blooms which had plagued the estuary for many years .
Media [edit ]
Mandurah lies at the southerly end of the Perth television receiver license area, and is conclude to the regional Western Australia license sphere. local anesthetic translators provide five digital free to air networks from perth : ABC, Seven, Nine, 10 and SBS and three networks from southern western Australia : GWN7, WIN and West Digital Television. Perth ‘s community television place, West television, does not have a interpreter in Mandurah. Two local newspapers service the city, the weekly Mandurah Coastal Times and the Mandurah Mail. [ 45 ] Mandurah is served by two commercial radio stations, 91.7 The Wave ( once known as 6MM 1116 ) and 97.3 Coast FM. Perth radio stations can besides be heard in the city .
Water use [edit ]
Mandurah is at the concentrate of a water recycling project known as the Halls Head Indirect Water Reuse Project. Based in Mandurah, it has been awarded the Western Australian Water Corporation Award for Water Treatment and Recycling in 2009. An aquifer is used to filter the area ‘s sewage urine providing safe, quality irrigation body of water for local parks, gardens and ovals. [ 46 ] Mandurah is besides linked to Perth ‘s body of water supply .
sport [edit ]
Mandurah is home to the Peel Thunder Football Club in the West Australian Football League, Mandurah City in the Football West State League and the Pirates Rugby Union cabaret in the RugbyWA contest. Greyhound race is held weekly at the Greyhounds WA Mandurah venue. [ 47 ] Mandurah besides hosts the Mandurah Magic of the State Basketball League at the Mandurah Aquatic and Recreation Centre. Mandurah City FC was established in 1970 and is the independent representative for soccer in the Peel region. [ 48 ] They presently compete in the Football West State League Division 1 which is the second highest league in West Australia. There are several golf courses in the area including the Mandurah Country Club, Meadow Springs Golf Club, Secret Harbour. Mandurah is a private, tree lined course. Meadow Springs is a public course inhabited by kangaroo. Secret Harbour is a public links course near the beach. One club, The Cut, was rated 4th best golf course in western Australia and 30th nationally in 2015. The Mandurah area boasts family friendly beaches such as Doddis Beach, Blue Bay and Mandurah Beach and surfboard beaches around Wannanup and Dawesville such as Avalon, 4th Groyne, Giri ‘s, Pyramids and The Wedge .
In popular culture [edit ]
A photograph of Mandurah taken in 1961 adorns the cover of the 1986 album Born Sandy Devotional by The Triffids. Electro start couple Tim and Jean hail from Mandurah. [ 49 ] Mandurah was featured in the 1986 film Windrider, starring Nicole Kidman .
People from Mandurah [edit ]
References [edit ]
Media related to Mandurah, Western Australia at Wikimedia Commons
