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This article is about the canadian city. For other uses, see Winnipeg ( disambiguation ) “ Winnipegger ” redirects hera. For the erstwhile passenger rail service, see Winnipeger
Reading: Winnipeg – Wikipedia
City in Manitoba, Canada
Winnipeg ( ) is the capital and largest city of the state of Manitoba in Canada. It is centred on the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine rivers, near the longitudinal center of North America. As of 2021, Winnipeg had a city population of 749,607 and a metropolitan population of 834,678, making it the sixth-largest city, and eighth-largest metropolitan area in Canada. [ 6 ] The city is named after the nearby Lake Winnipeg ; the name comes from the western Cree words for muddy water. The area was a deal center for autochthonal peoples long before the arrival of Europeans ; it is the traditional territory of the Anishinabe ( Ojibway ), Ininew ( Cree ), Oji-Cree, Dene, and Dakota, and is the birthplace of the Métis Nation. [ 8 ] french traders built the first fort on the locate in 1738. A settlement was later founded by the Selkirk settlers of the Red River Colony in 1812, the nucleus of which was incorporated as the City of Winnipeg in 1873. Being far inland, the local climate is extremely seasonal even by canadian standards with average January high gear of around −11 °C ( 12 °F ) and average July highs of 26 °C ( 79 °F ). Known as the “ Gateway to the West ”, Winnipeg is a railroad track and exile hub with a diversify economy. This multicultural city hosts numerous annual festivals, including the Festival du Voyageur, the Winnipeg Folk Festival, the Jazz Winnipeg Festival, the Winnipeg Fringe Theatre Festival, and Folklorama. In 1967, Winnipeg was the first canadian host of the Pan American Games. It is home to respective professional sports franchises, including the Winnipeg Blue Bombers ( Canadian football ), the Winnipeg Jets ( frosting ice hockey ), Manitoba Moose ( ice ice hockey ), Valour FC ( soccer ), and the Winnipeg Goldeyes ( baseball ) .
etymology [edit ]
Winnipeg is named after nearby Lake Winnipeg, 65 kilometer north of the city. english explorer Henry Kelsey may have been the inaugural european to see the lake in 1690, and he adopted the Cree and Ojibwe name win-nipi ( besides transcribed win-nipiy or ouenpig ) meaning “ murky water ” or “ muddy body of water ” [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] ( modern Cree : wīnipēk, ᐑᓂᐯᐠ ). French-Canadian fur trader La Vérendrye referred to the lake as Lac Gouinipique or Ouinipigon when he built the first forts in the area in the 1730s. [ 12 ] Local newspaper The Nor’-Wester included the name on its masthead on February 24, 1866, and the city was incorporated by that name under legislation by the Manitoba Assembly in 1873. [ 11 ]
history [edit ]
early history [edit ]
Winnipeg lies at the confluence of the Assiniboine and the Red River of the North, a location now known as “ The Forks “. This target was at the crossroads of canoe routes travelled by First Nations before european contact. [ 13 ] Evidence provided by archeology, petroglyph, rock art and oral history indicates that native peoples used the area in prehistoric times for camp, reap, hunt, tool make, fishing, trading and, far north, for agribusiness. [ 14 ] Estimates of the date of first settlement in this area compass from 11,500 years ago for a site southwesterly of the portray city to 6,000 years ago at The Forks. [ 15 ] [ 16 ] In 1805, canadian colonists observed First Nations peoples engaged in farming activity along the Red River. The exercise cursorily expanded, driven by the demand by traders for provisions. [ 17 ] The rivers provided an extensive transportation network linking northerly First Peoples with those to the south along the Missouri and Mississippi rivers. The Ojibwe made some of the beginning maps on birch bark, which helped fur traders navigate the waterways of the sphere. [ 18 ] Sieur de La Vérendrye built the first gear fur trade post on the site in 1738, called Fort Rouge. [ 19 ] french trade continued at this locate for several decades before the arrival of the british Hudson ‘s Bay Company after France ceded the territory following its kill in the Seven Years ‘ War. [ 20 ] many french men who were trappers married First Nations women ; their mixed-race children hunted, traded, and lived in the area. Their descendents are known as the Métis. [ 21 ]
An 1821 painting of winter fishing on the ice of the Assiniboine and Red rivers. Fort Gibraltar was erected in 1809. Lord Selkirk was involved with the first permanent colony ( known as the Red River Colony ), the purchase of country from the Hudson ‘s Bay Company, and a view of river lots in the early nineteenth hundred. [ 22 ] The North West Company built Fort Gibraltar in 1809, and the Hudson ‘s Bay Company built Fort Douglas in 1812, both in the area of contemporary Winnipeg. [ 23 ] The two companies competed fiercely over trade. [ 24 ] The Métis and Lord Selkirk ‘s settlers fought at the Battle of Seven Oaks in 1816. In 1821, the Hudson ‘s Bay and North West Companies merged, ending their long competition. [ 25 ] Fort Gibraltar was renamed Fort Garry in 1822 and became the leading post in the area for the Hudson ‘s Bay Company. [ 26 ] A flood destroyed the fort in 1826 and it was not rebuilt until 1835. [ 26 ] A rebuild section of the fortify, consisting of the front gate and a section of the wall, is near the contemporary corner of Main Street and Broadway in business district Winnipeg. [ 27 ] In 1869–70, contemporary Winnipeg was the locate of the Red River Rebellion, a conflict between the local probationary government of Métis, led by Louis Riel, and newcomers from eastern Canada. General Garnet Wolseley was sent to put down the get up. The Manitoba Act of 1870 made Manitoba the one-fifth state of the three-year-old canadian Confederation. [ 28 ] [ 29 ] [ 30 ] Treaty 1, which encompassed the city and a lot of the surrounding area, was signed on 3 August 1871 by representatives of the Crown and local Indigenous groups, comprising the Brokenhead Ojibway, Sagkeeng, Long Plain, Peguis, Roseau River Anishinabe, Sandy Bay and Swan Lake communities. [ 31 ] On 8 November 1873, Winnipeg was incorporated as a city, with the Selkirk settlement as its nucleus. [ 32 ] Métis legislator and interpreter James McKay named the city. [ 33 ] Winnipeg ‘s mandate was to govern and provide municipal services to citizens attracted to trade expansion between Upper Fort Garry / Lower Fort Garry and Saint Paul, Minnesota. [ 34 ] Winnipeg developed quickly after the coming of the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1881. [ 35 ] The railroad track divided the North End, which housed chiefly eastern Europeans, from the richer Anglo-Saxon southerly separate of the city. [ 15 ] It besides contributed to a demographic shift beginning curtly after Confederation that saw the francophone population decrease from a majority to a humble minority group. This chemise resulted in Premier Thomas Greenway controversially ending legislative bilingualism and removing support for french Catholic Schools in 1890. [ 36 ]
modern history ( 1900–present ) [edit ]
By 1911, Winnipeg was Canada ‘s third-largest city. [ 15 ] however, the city faced fiscal trouble when the Panama Canal opened in 1914. [ 37 ] The duct reduced reliance on Canada ‘s rail system for international trade ; the increase in shipping traffic helped Vancouver to surpass Winnipeg in both prosperity and population by the end of World War I. [ 38 ]
Crowd gathered outside old City Hall during the Winnipeg General Strike in 1919 More than 30,000 workers walked off their jobs in May 1919 in what came to be known as the Winnipeg general come to. [ 39 ] The hit was a product of postwar recession, british labour party conditions, the activity of coupling organizers and a big inflow of returning World War I soldiers seeking bring. [ 40 ] After many arrests, deportations, and incidents of violence, the hit ended on 21 June 1919 when the Riot Act was read and a group of Royal Canadian Mounted Police officers charged a group of strikers. [ 41 ] Two strikers were killed and at least thirty others were injured on the day that became known as Bloody Saturday ; the consequence polarized the population. [ 41 ] One of the leaders of the strike, J. S. Woodsworth, went on to found Canada ‘s beginning major socialist party, the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, which late became the New Democratic Party. [ 42 ] The Manitoba Legislative Building, constructed chiefly of Tyndall stone, opened in 1920 ; its attic supports a bronze statue finished in gold leaf, titled “ Eternal Youth and the Spirit of Enterprise ” ( normally known as the “ Golden Boy “ ). [ 43 ] The stock market crash of 1929 and the Great Depression resulted in widespread unemployment, worsened by drought and low agrarian prices. [ 44 ] The Depression ended after the originate of World War II in 1939. [ 15 ]
In the Battle of Hong Kong, The Winnipeg Grenadiers were among the first Canadians to engage in combat against Japan. Battalion members who survived combat were taken prisoner and endured barbarous treatment in prisoner of war camps. [ 45 ] In 1942, the Victory Loan Campaign staged a mock Nazi invasion of Winnipeg to promote awareness of the stakes of the war in Europe. [ 46 ] [ 47 ] When the war ended, pent-up demand generated a boom in house development, although construct action was checked by the 1950 Red River flood. [ 48 ] The federal government estimated wrong at over $ 26 million, although the state indicated that it was at least double that. [ 49 ] The price caused by the flood led then-Premier Duff Roblin to advocate for the construction of the Red River Floodway. [ 50 ] Before 1972, Winnipeg was the largest of thirteen cities and towns in a metropolitan area around the Red and Assiniboine Rivers. In 1960, the Metropolitan Corporation of Greater Winnipeg was established to organize service manner of speaking in the metropolitan region. [ 34 ] A amalgamate metropolitan “ unicity “ government incorporating Winnipeg and its surrounding municipalities was established on 27 July 1971, taking consequence in 1972. [ 51 ] The City of Winnipeg Act incorporated the current city. [ 15 ] In 2003, the City of Winnipeg Act was repealed and replaced with the City of Winnipeg Charter. [ 34 ] Winnipeg experienced a hard economic downturn in advance of the early 1980s recession, during which the city incurred closures of outstanding businesses, including the Winnipeg Tribune, equally well as the Swift ‘s and Canada Packers kernel packing plants. [ 52 ] In 1981, Winnipeg was one of the beginning cities in Canada to sign a tripartite agreement with the provincial and federal governments to redevelop its business district area, [ 53 ] and the three levels of government contributed over $ 271 million to its growth. [ 54 ] In 1989, the reclamation and renovation of the CNR rail yards turned The Forks into Winnipeg ‘s most popular tourist attraction. [ 13 ] [ 15 ] The city was threatened by the 1997 Red River flood a well as foster floods in 2009 and 2011. [ 55 ]
geography [edit ]
Winnipeg lies at the bottom of the Red River Valley, a flood plain with an highly flat topography. [ 56 ] It is on the eastern edge of the canadian Prairies in Western Canada and is known as the “ Gateway to the West ”. [ 15 ] Winnipeg is bordered by tallgrass prairie to the west and south and the aspen park to the northeast, although most of the native prairie grasses have been removed for farming and urbanization. [ 57 ] It is relatively close to many large canadian Shield lakes and parks, arsenic well as Lake Winnipeg ( the Earth ‘s 11th largest fresh water lake ). [ 58 ] Winnipeg has North America ‘s largest extant mature urban elm forest. [ 59 ] The city has an area of 464.08 km2 ( 179.18 sq security service ). [ 2 ] Winnipeg has four major rivers : the Red, Assiniboine, La Salle and Seine. [ 60 ] The city was discipline to severe flooding in the past. The Red River reached its greatest flood height in 1826. Another big flood in 1950 caused millions of dollars in damage and mass evacuations. [ 61 ] This flood prompted Duff Roblin ‘s provincial politics to build the Red River Floodway to protect the city. [ 15 ] In the 1997 flood, flood control dikes were reinforced and raised using sandbags ; Winnipeg suffered limited damage compared to the flood ‘s impact on cities without such structures, such as Grand Forks, North Dakota. [ 62 ] The generally directly terrain and the hapless drain of the Red River Valley ‘s clay-based dirty besides results in many mosquitoes during wetter years. [ 63 ]
climate [edit ]
Winters are cold with little precipitation in Winnipeg. Winnipeg ‘s placement in the canadian Prairies gives it a warm-summer humid continental climate [ 64 ] ( Köppen Dfb ), [ 65 ] with warm, humid summers, and long, sternly cold winters. Summers have a July hateful average of 19.7 °C ( 67.5 °F ). [ 4 ] Winters are the cold prison term of year, with the January intend modal around −16.4 °C ( 2.5 °F ) and entire winter precipitation ( December through February ) averaging 55.2 millimeter ( 2.17 in ). [ 4 ] Temperatures occasionally drop below −40 °C ( −40 °F ). [ 4 ] On average there are 317.8 days per year with measurable fair weather, with July seeing the most on average. [ 66 ] With 2353 hours of fair weather per year, Winnipeg is the second sunniest city in Canada. [ 67 ] Total annual haste ( both rain and snow ) is just over 521 mm ( 20.5 in ). [ 4 ] Thunderstorms are identical park during summer, and sometimes severe enough to produce tornadoes. [ 68 ] Low scent frisson values are a common happening in the local climate. The wreathe cool has gone down ampere low as −57.1 °C ( −70.8 °F ) and on average there are twelve days of the year that can reach a wind cool below −40 °C ( −40 °F ). [ 4 ] The highest temperature ever recorded in Winnipeg was 42.2 °C ( 108.0 °F ) on 11 July 1936 while the highest day by day first gear temperature was 28.3 °C ( 82.9 °F ) on 12 July 1936. [ 69 ] The apparent heat can be even more extreme ascribable to bursts of humidity, and on 25 July 2007 a humidex reading of 47.3 °C ( 117.1 °F ) was measured. [ 4 ] The frost-free temper is relatively farseeing for a location with such severe winters. The last spring frost is on average around 23 May, while the first fall frost is on 22 September. [ 4 ]
cityscape [edit ]
There are formally 236 neighbourhoods in Winnipeg. [ 74 ] Downtown Winnipeg, the city ‘s fiscal heart and economic core, is centred on the overlap of Portage Avenue and Main Street and covers about 2.6 km2 ( 1 sq secret intelligence service ). More than 72,000 people work downtown, and over 40,000 students attend classes at its universities and colleges. [ 75 ] Downtown Winnipeg ‘s Exchange District is named after the area ‘s original texture exchange, which operated from 1880 to 1913. [ 75 ] The 30-block zone received National Historic Site of Canada status in 1997 ; it includes North America ‘s most extensive collection of early on 20th-century terracotta and cut stone architecture, Stephen Juba Park, and Old Market Square. [ 75 ] other major downtown areas are The Forks, Central Park, Broadway-Assiniboine and Chinatown. Many of Downtown Winnipeg ‘s major buildings are linked with the Winnipeg Walkway. [ 76 ] residential neighbourhoods surround the downtown in all directions ; expansion is greatest to the south and west, although several areas remain developing. [ 77 ] The city ‘s largest park, Assiniboine Park, houses the Assiniboine Park Zoo and the Leo Mol Sculpture Garden. [ 78 ] other big city parks include Kildonan Park and St. Vital Park. The city ‘s major commercial areas are Polo Park, Kildonan Crossing, South St. Vital, Garden City ( West Kildonan ), Pembina Strip, Kenaston Smart Centre, Osborne Village, and the Corydon strip. [ 79 ] The main cultural and nightlife areas are the Exchange District, The Forks, Osborne Village and Corydon Village ( both in Fort Rouge ), Sargent and Ellice Avenues ( West End ) and Old St. Boniface. [ 80 ] Osborne Village is Winnipeg ‘s most dumbly populated neighborhood [ 81 ] and one of the most densely populate neighbourhoods in western Canada. [ 82 ]
Demographics [edit ]
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| The drastic population increase between 1971 and 1981 was due in separate to Winnipeg ‘s amalgamation in 1972 . Source: [83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Winnipeg had a population of 749,607 living in 300,431 of its 315,465 sum secret dwellings, a change of 6.3 % from its 2016 population of 705,244. With a kingdom area of 461.78 km2 ( 178.29 sq security service ), it had a population concentration of 1,623.3/km2 ( 4,204.3/sq nautical mile ) in 2021. [ 91 ] At the census metropolitan area ( CMA ) degree in the 2021 census, the Winnipeg CMA had a population of 834,678 living in 330,326 of its 347,144 total secret dwellings, a switch of 6.6 % from its 2016 population of 783,099. With a farming area of 5,285.46 km2 ( 2,040.73 sq nautical mile ), it had a population concentration of 157.9/km2 ( 409.0/sq security service ) in 2021. [ 92 ] Winnipeg represents 54.9 % of the population of the state of Manitoba, the highest population assiduity in one city of any province in Canada. [ 93 ] [ 94 ] Apart from the city of Winnipeg, the Winnipeg CMA includes the rural municipalities of Springfield, St. Clements, Taché, East St. Paul, Macdonald, Ritchot, West St. Paul, Headingley, the Brokenhead 4 reserve, Rosser and St. François Xavier. [ 95 ] Statistics Canada ‘s estimate of the Winnipeg CMA population as of 1 July 2020 is 850,056, making it the 7th largest CMA in Canada. [ 96 ] As of the 2006 census, 48.3 percentage of residents were male and 51.7 percentage were female. 24.3 percentage were 19 years old or younger, 27.4 percentage were between 20 and 30 years previous, and 34.0 percentage were between 40 and 64 years old. The average age of a Winnipegger in May 2006 was 38.7, compared to an average of 39.5 for Canada as a wholly. [ 97 ] Between the censuses of 2006 and 2011, Winnipeg ‘s population increased by 4.8 percentage, compared to 5.2 percentage for Manitoba as a wholly. The population concentration of the city of Winnipeg averaged 1,430 people per km2, compared with 2.2 for Manitoba. [ 98 ]
| Ethnicity | Population | % |
|---|---|---|
| English | 137,075 | 21.1 |
| Scottish | 113,465 | 17.4 |
| Canadian | 108,955 | 16.76 |
| German | 105,910 | 16.2 |
| Ukrainian | 98,860 | 15.2 |
| Irish | 85,800 | 13.2 |
| French | 85,025 | 13.1 |
| Aboriginal (incl. Métis) | 76,055 | 11.7 |
| Filipino | 58,255 | 9.0 |
| Polish | 50,385 | 7.8 |
Winnipeg has a significant and increasing Aboriginal population, with both the highest share of Aboriginal peoples ( 12.2 % ) for any major canadian city, and the highest total act of Aboriginals ( 84,305 ) for any single non-reserve municipality. [ 100 ] The Aboriginal population grew by 22 % between 2001 and 2006, compared to an increase of 3 % for the city as a solid ; this population tends to be younger and less affluent than non-Aboriginal residents. [ 101 ] Winnipeg besides has the highest Métis population in both share ( 6.3 % ) and numbers ( 41,005 ) ; the growth rate for this population between 2001 and 2006 was 30 %. [ 99 ] [ 101 ] The city has the greatest share of Filipino residents ( 8.7 % ) of any major canadian city, although Toronto has more Filipinos by entire population. In 2006, Winnipeg ranked seventh of the canadian cities for share of residents of a visible minority. [ 99 ] [ 102 ] As of the 2016 Census, the population was 63.9 % european in lineage ( 73.5 % of the city was white in 2006 ), while non-aboriginal visible minorities represent 23.5 % ( up from 16.3 % in 2006 ). [ 99 ] [ 97 ] The city receives over 10,000 net international immigrants per year. [ 103 ] More than a hundred languages are spoken in Winnipeg, of which the most common is english : 99 percentage of Winnipeggers are eloquent english speakers, 88 percentage address lone English, and 0.1 percentage talk only French ( Canada ‘s other official language ). 10 percentage talk both English and French, while 1.3 percentage speak neither. other languages spoken as a mother tongue in Winnipeg include Tagalog ( 5.0 % ), German ( 2.5 % ), and Punjabi and Ukrainian ( both 1.4 % ). several Aboriginal languages are besides spoken, such as Ojibwe ( 0.3 % ) and Cree ( 0.2 % ). [ 98 ] The 2011 National Household Survey reported the religious makeup of Winnipeg as : 63.7 % Christian, including 29.7 % Catholic, 8.1 % United Church, and 4.6 % Anglican ; 1.7 % Muslim ; 1.6 % Jewish ; 1.5 % Sikh ; 1.0 % Hindu ; 1.0 % Buddhist ; 0.3 % traditional ( native ) spirituality ; 0.4 % other ; and 28.9 % no religious affiliation. [ 99 ]
economy [edit ]
Winnipeg is an economic base and regional center. It has a diversified economy, with major employment in the health care and social aid ( 15 % ), retail ( 11 % ), manufacturing ( 8 % ), and public administration ( 8 % ) sectors. [ 104 ] There were approximately 444,000 jobs in the city as of 2016. [ 104 ] Some of Winnipeg ‘s largest employers are politics and government-funded institutions, including the province of Manitoba, the University of Manitoba, the City of Winnipeg, Manitoba Hydro, and Manitoba Liquor & Lotteries Corporation. major private-sector employers include Canad Corporation of Manitoba, Canada Life Assurance Company, StandardAero, and SkipTheDishes. [ 105 ] According to the Conference Board of Canada, Winnipeg was projected to experience a real GDP growth of 1.9 percentage in 2019. Gross Domestic Product was $ 43.3 Billion in 2018. [ 106 ] The city had an unemployment rate of 5.3 % in 2019, compared to a national rate of 5.7 %. Household income per caput was $ 47,824, compared to $ 49,744 nationally. [ 107 ] The Royal Canadian Mint, established in 1976, produces all circulating neologism in Canada. [ 108 ] The facility, located in southeast Winnipeg, besides produces coins for many early countries. [ 109 ] In 2012, Winnipeg was ranked by KPMG as the least expensive placement to do business in western Canada. [ 110 ] Like many prairie cities, Winnipeg has a relatively depleted cost of support. [ 111 ] The modal house price in Winnipeg was $ 301,518 as of 2018. [ 107 ] As of May 2014, the Consumer Price Index was 125.8 relative to 2002 prices, reflecting consumer costs at the canadian average. [ 112 ] [ 113 ]
culture [edit ]
Winnipeg was named the Cultural Capital of Canada in 2010 by canadian Heritage. [ 114 ] As of 2021, there are 26 National Historic Sites of Canada in Winnipeg. [ 115 ] One of these, The Forks, attracts four million visitors a year. [ 116 ] It is home to the City television studio apartment, Manitoba Theatre for Young People, the Winnipeg International Children ‘s Festival, and the Manitoba Children ‘s Museum. It besides features a 2,800 m2 ( 30,000 sq foot ) skate plaza, a 790 m2 ( 8,500 sq foot ) bowling ball building complex, which features a mural of Winnipeg skateboarding pioneer Jai Pereira, the Esplanade Riel bridge, [ 117 ] a river walk, Shaw Park, and the Canadian Museum for Human Rights. [ 116 ] The Winnipeg Public Library is a public library net with 20 branches throughout the city, including the main Millennium Library. [ 118 ] Winnipeg the Bear, which would become the inspiration for part of the name of Winnie-the-Pooh, was purchased in Ontario by Lieutenant Harry Colebourn of the Fort Garry Horse. He named the hold after the regiment ‘s home town of Winnipeg. [ 119 ] A. A. Milne later wrote a series of books featuring the fictional Winnie-the-Pooh. The series ‘ illustrator, Ernest H. Shepard, created the merely know petroleum painting of Winnipeg ‘s adopted fabricated digest, displayed in Assiniboine Park. [ 120 ]
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The city has developed many distinct dishes and cook styles, notably in the areas of confectionery and hot-smoked pisces. Both the First Nations and more holocene Eastern Canadian, European, and asian immigrants have helped shape Winnipeg ‘s dining scene, giving birth to dishes such as the desserts schmoo torte and wafer pie. [ 121 ] [ 122 ] The Winnipeg Art Gallery is Western Canada ‘s oldest public art gallery, founded in 1912. It is the sixth-largest in the area [ 123 ] and includes the global ‘s largest public collection of contemporary Inuit art. [ 15 ] [ 124 ] Since the late 1970s Winnipeg has besides had an active artist tend centre culture. [ 125 ]
Winnipeg ‘s three largest performing arts venues, the Centennial Concert Hall, Royal Manitoba Theatre Centre and the Pantages Playhouse Theatre, are downtown. The Royal Manitoba is Canada ‘s oldest English-language regional field, with over 250 performances annual. [ 126 ] The Pantages Playhouse Theatre opened as a vaudeville house in 1913. [ 127 ] early city theatres include the Burton Cummings Theatre ( a National Historic Site of Canada built in 1906 [ 128 ] ) and Prairie Theatre Exchange. Le Cercle Molière, based in St Boniface, is Canada ‘s oldest dramaturgy company ; it was founded in 1925. [ 129 ] Rainbow Stage is a musical theater production party based in Kildonan Park that produces professional, live Broadway musical shows and is Canada ‘s longest-surviving outdoor dramaturgy. [ 15 ] [ 130 ] The Manitoba Theatre for Young People at The Forks is one of only two Theatres for Young Audiences in Canada with a permanent wave residence and the only Theatre for Young Audiences that offers a full season of plays for teenagers. [ 131 ] The Winnipeg Jewish Theatre is the entirely professional dramaturgy in Canada dedicated to Jewish themes. [ 132 ] Shakespeare in the Ruins ( SIR ) presents adaptations of Shakespeare plays. [ 133 ] Winnipeg has hosted numerous Hollywood productions : Shall We Dance? ( 2004 ), Capote ( 2005 ), The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford ( 2007 ), and A Dog’s Purpose ( 2017 ), among others were filmed in the city. [ 134 ] [ 135 ] The Winnipeg Film Group has produced numerous award-winning films. [ 136 ] There are several television receiver and film production companies in Winnipeg : the most outstanding are Farpoint Films, Frantic Films, Buffalo Gal Pictures, and Les Productions Rivard. [ 137 ] Guy Maddin ‘s My Winnipeg, an freelancer film released in 2008, is a comedic contemplation on the city ‘s history. [ 138 ]
The Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra is the largest and oldest professional musical ensemble in Winnipeg. [ 139 ] The Manitoba Chamber Orchestra runs a series of chamber orchestral concerts each year. [ 140 ] Manitoba Opera is Manitoba ‘s only full-time professional opera caller. [ 141 ] Among the most luminary musical acts associated with Winnipeg are Bachman–Turner Overdrive, [ 142 ] The Guess Who, [ 143 ] Neil Young, [ 144 ] The Weakerthans, [ 145 ] the Crash Test Dummies, [ 146 ] Propagandhi, [ 147 ] Bif Naked, [ 148 ] and The Watchmen [ 149 ] among many others. [ 142 ] Winnipeg besides has a significant place in canadian jazz history, being the placement of Canada ‘s first sleep together concert in 1914 at the Pantages Playhouse Theatre. [ 150 ] The Royal Winnipeg Ballet ( RWB ) is Canada ‘s oldest ballet company and the longest continuously operating ballet ship’s company in North America. It was the first constitution to be granted a royal title by Queen Elizabeth II, and has included celebrated dancers such as Evelyn Hart and Mikhail Baryshnikov. The RWB besides runs a full-time classical dance school. [ 151 ] The Manitoba Museum, the city ‘s largest museum, depicts the history of the city and province. The life-size replica of the ship Nonsuch is the museum ‘s case man. [ 152 ] The Manitoba Children ‘s Museum is a nonprofit children ‘s museum at The Forks that features twelve permanent galleries. [ 153 ] [ 154 ] The Canadian Museum for Human Rights is the only canadian national museum for homo rights and the lone national museum west of Ottawa. [ 155 ] The federal government contributed $ 100 million towards the calculate $ 311-million project. [ 156 ] construction of the museum began on 1 April 2008, [ 157 ] and the museum opened to the public 27 September 2014. [ 158 ] The Western Canada Aviation Museum, in a airdock at Winnipeg ‘s James Richardson International Airport, features military jets, commercial aircraft, Canada ‘s first helicopter, the “ fly dish ” Avrocar, flight simulators, and a Black Brant skyrocket built in Manitoba by Bristol Aerospace. [ 159 ] The Winnipeg Railway Museum at Via Rail Station has a diverseness of locomotives, notably the Countess of Dufferin, the first steamer locomotive in western Canada. [ 160 ]
Festivals [edit ]
The korean Pavilion during Folklorama Festival du Voyageur, Western Canada ‘s largest winter festival, celebrates the early french explorers of the Red River Valley. [ 161 ] Folklorama is the largest and longest-running cultural celebration festival in the world. [ 162 ] The Jazz Winnipeg Festival and the Winnipeg Folk Festival both celebrate Winnipeg ‘s music community. The Winnipeg Music Festival offers a competition venue to amateur musicians. The Winnipeg Fringe Theatre Festival is the second-largest option dramaturgy festival in North America. [ 163 ] The Winnipeg International Writers Festival ( besides called THIN AIR ) brings writers to Winnipeg for workshops and readings. [ 164 ] The LGBT residential district in the city is served by Pride Winnipeg, an annual homosexual pride festival and parade, and Reel Pride, a movie festival of LGBT-themed films. [ 165 ]
Sports [edit ]
Winnipeg has been home to several professional field hockey teams. The Winnipeg Jets of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) have called the city home since 2011. [ 166 ] The original Winnipeg Jets, the city ‘s former NHL team, left for Phoenix, Arizona after the 1995–96 season due to mounting fiscal troubles, despite a crusade attempt to “ Save the Jets ”. [ 167 ] The Jets play at Canada Life Centre, which is ranked the populace ‘s 19th-busiest arena among non-sporting touring events, 13th-busiest among facilities in North America, and 3rd-busiest in Canada as of 2009. [ 168 ]
Past field hockey teams based in Winnipeg include the Winnipeg Maroons, Winnipeg Warriors, three meter Stanley Cup Champion Winnipeg Victorias and the Winnipeg Falcons, who were the first ever Gold Medal Olympians, representing Canada in 1920 in Antwerp, Belgium. Another professional ice rink ice hockey team in Winnipeg is the Manitoba Moose, the american Hockey League primary coil affiliate of the Winnipeg Jets that are owned by the same group. [ 169 ] [ 170 ] On the external stage, Winnipeg has hosted national and universe field hockey championships on a issue of occasions, most notably the 1999 World Junior Hockey Championship and 2007 Women ‘s World Hockey Championship. [ 171 ] [ 172 ] In 2019, the western Hockey League returned to Winnipeg after a long absence with the Kootenay Ice relocating as the Winnipeg Ice. [ 173 ] The Winnipeg Blue Bombers play in the Canadian Football League. They are twelve-time Grey Cup champions, their last championship in 2021. [ 174 ] From 1953 to 2012, the Blue Bombers called Canad Inns Stadium home ; they have since moved to IG Field. Due to structure delays and cost overruns, the stadium was not fix for the 2012 CFL season, alternatively opening in 2013. The $ 200-million adeptness is besides the home to U Sports ‘ University of Manitoba Bisons and the Winnipeg Rifles of the Canadian Junior Football League. [ 175 ] [ 176 ] The University of Manitoba Bisons and the University of Winnipeg Wesmen represent the city in university-level sports. [ 177 ] In soccer, it is represented by both Valour FC in the new canadian Premier League [ 178 ] and WSA Winnipeg in the USL League Two. [ 179 ] Winnipeg has been home to respective professional baseball teams, most recently the Winnipeg Goldeyes since 1994. The Goldeyes play at Shaw Park, which was completed in 1999. The team had led the Northern League for ten-spot straight years in median attendance through 2010, with more than 300,000 annual winnow visits, until the league collapsed and merged into the American Association of Independent Professional Baseball. [ 180 ] Winnipeg was the first base canadian city to host the Pan American Games, and the second city to host the consequence doubly, in 1967 and again in 1999. [ 181 ] The Pan Am Pool, built for the 1967 Pan Am Games, hosts aquatic events, including dive, speed swim, synchronized liquid and water polo. [ 182 ] Winnipeg co-hosted the 2015 FIFA Women ‘s World Cup. [ 183 ]
local anesthetic media [edit ]
Winnipeg has two daily newspapers : the Winnipeg Free Press and the Winnipeg Sun. [ 184 ] There are besides several heathen weekly newspapers. [ 185 ] radio broadcasting in Winnipeg began in 1922 ; [ 186 ] by 1923, government-owned CKY held a monopoly position that lasted until after the second World War. Winnipeg is home to 33 AM and FM radio stations, two of which are French-language stations. [ 187 ] CBC Radio One and CBC Radio 2 air local and national programming in the city. [ 188 ] NCI is devoted to Indigenous programming. [ 189 ] television broadcast in Winnipeg started in 1954. The federal government refused to license any individual broadcaster until the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation had created a national network. In May 1954, CBWT went on the air with four hours of broadcasting per day. [ 190 ] There are nowadays five English-language stations and one French-language station based in Winnipeg. Additionally, some american network affiliates are available over-the-air. [ 191 ]
police and government [edit ]
Since 1992, the city of Winnipeg has been represented by 15 city councillors and a mayor, both elected every four years. [ 192 ] The present mayor, Brian Bowman, was first elected to function in 2014. [ 15 ] The city is a single-tier municipality, governed by a mayor-council arrangement. [ 15 ] The social organization of the municipal politics is set by the provincial legislature in the City of Winnipeg Charter Act, which replaced the old City of Winnipeg Act in 2003. [ 193 ] The mayor is elected by send popular vote to serve as the chief executive of the city. [ 194 ] At Council meetings, the mayor has one of 16 votes. The City Council is a unicameral legislative body, representing geographic wards throughout the city. [ 193 ] In peasant politics, Winnipeg is represented by 32 of the 57 provincial Members of the Legislative Assembly ( MLAs ). As of 2019, Winnipeg districts are represented by 15 members of the Progressive Conservative Party, 14 by the New Democratic Party ( NDP ), and 3 by the Liberal Party. [ 195 ]
In union politics, as of 2019 Winnipeg is represented by eight Members of Parliament : four Liberals, two Conservatives and two New Democrat. [ 196 ] There are five Senators representing Manitoba in Ottawa ( plus one seat vacant as of April 2021 ). [ 197 ]
crime [edit ]
From 2007 to 2011, Winnipeg was the “ murder capital ” of Canada, with the highest per-capita rate of homicides ; as of 2019 it is in second stead, behind Thunder Bay. [ 198 ] [ 199 ] As of 2019 Winnipeg had the 13-highest crimson crime index in Canada, and the highest looting rate. [ 200 ] Despite high overall fierce crime rates, crime in Winnipeg is largely concentrated in the inner city, which makes up only 19 % of the population [ 201 ] but was the site of 86.4 % of the city ‘s shootings, 66.5 % of the robberies, 63.3 % of the homicides and 59.5 % of the intimate assaults in 2012. [ 202 ] From the early 1990s to the mid-2000s, Winnipeg had a significant auto-theft problem, with the rate top out at 2,165.0 per 100,000 residents in 2006 [ 203 ] compared to 487 auto-thefts per 100,000 residents for Canada as a whole. [ 204 ] To combat car larceny, Manitoba Public Insurance established fiscal incentives for centrifugal vehicle owners to install ignition immobilizers in their vehicles, and now requires owners of bad vehicles to install immobilizers. [ 205 ] These initiatives resulted in an 80 % decrease in car thefts between 2006 and 2011. [ 206 ] As of 2018, the Winnipeg Police Service had 1,914 patrol officers, which is one policeman per 551 city residents, and price taxpayers $ 290,564,015. [ 207 ] In November 2013, the home patrol union reviewed the Winnipeg Police Force and found high average reply times for respective categories of calls. [ 208 ] [ 209 ] In 2017, the city started to deal with an increasingly bombastic methamphetamine problem, fuelling violent crime. [ 210 ] [ 211 ]
education [edit ]
Winnipeg has seven school divisions : Winnipeg School Division, St. James-Assiniboia School Division, Pembina Trails School Division, Seven Oaks School Division, Division Scolaire Franco-Manitobaine, River East Transcona School Division, and Louis Riel School Division. [ 212 ] Winnipeg besides has several religious and profane individual schools. [ 213 ] [ 214 ] The University of Manitoba is the largest university in Manitoba. [ 215 ] It was founded in 1877, making it Western Canada ‘s first university. [ 215 ] In a typical class, the university has 26,500 undergraduate students and 3,800 graduate students. [ 216 ] Université de Saint-Boniface is the city ‘s only French-language university. [ 217 ] The University of Winnipeg received its rent in 1967. [ 218 ] Until 2007, it was an undergraduate mental hospital that offered some joint alumnus studies programs ; it immediately offers freelancer graduate programs. [ 218 ] The Canadian Mennonite University is a private Mennonite undergraduate university established in 1999. [ 219 ] Winnipeg besides has two autonomous colleges : Red River College Polytechnic and Booth University College. Red River College offers diploma, certificate, and apprenticeship programs and, starting in 2009, began offering some degree programs. [ 220 ] Booth University College is a individual christian Salvation Army university college established in 1982. It offers largely arts and seminary aim. [ 221 ] [ 222 ]
infrastructure [edit ]
transportation [edit ]
Winnipeg has had public theodolite since 1882, starting with horse-drawn streetcars. [ 223 ] They were replaced by electric streetcar cars. The streetcar cars ran from 1892 to 1955, supplemented by motor buses after 1918, and electric trolleybuses from 1938 to 1970. [ 223 ] Winnipeg Transit now runs diesel buses on its routes. [ 224 ]
Winnipeg is a railway hub and is served by Via Rail at Union Station for passenger rail, and canadian National Railway, Canadian Pacific Railway, Burlington Northern Santa Fe Manitoba, and the Central Manitoba Railway for freight railing. It is the only major city between Vancouver and Thunder Bay with steer US connections by track. [ 225 ] Winnipeg is the largest and best connected city within Manitoba, and has highways leading in all directions from the city. To the south, Winnipeg is connected to the United States via Provincial Trunk Highway 75 ( PTH 75 ) ( a good continuation of I-29 and US 75, known as Pembina Highway or Route 42 within Winnipeg ). The highway runs 107 kilometer ( 66 michigan ) to Emerson, Manitoba, and is the busiest Canada–United States border crossing on the Prairies. [ 226 ] The four-lane Perimeter Highway, built in 1969, serves as a Ring Road, with at-grade intersections and a few interchanges. It allows travellers on the Trans-Canada Highway to bypass the city. [ 227 ] The Trans-Canada Highway runs east to west through the city ( city route ), or circles around the city on the Perimeter Highway ( beltway ). Some of the city ‘s major arterial roads include route 80 ( Waverley St. ), Route 155 ( McGillivray Blvd ), Route 165 ( Bishop Grandin Blvd. ), Route 17 ( Chief Peguis Trail ), and Route 90 ( Brookside Blvd., Oak Point Hwy., King Edward St., Century St., Kenaston Blvd. ). [ 228 ]
The Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport completed a $ 585-million renovation in October 2011. The development brought a new terminal, a four-level park facility, and other infrastructure improvements. [ 229 ] Winnipeg Bus Terminal, at Winnipeg International Airport, previously served by Greyhound Canada ( through its subsidiary company Grey Goose Bus Lines ), Winnipeg Shuttle Service and Brandon Air Shuttle. Since Greyhound ‘s passing from westerly Canada, very few remaining routes hush serve the terminal. [ 230 ] approximately 8,100 hour angle ( 20,000 acres ) of down to the north and west of the airport has been designated as an inland port, CentrePort Canada, and is Canada ‘s first Foreign Trade Zone. It is a secret sector enterprise to develop the infrastructure for Manitoba ‘s truck, air, track and sea industries. [ 231 ] In 2009, construction began on a $ 212-million four-lane expressway to connect CentrePort with the Perimeter Highway. [ 232 ] Named CentrePort Canada Way, it opened in November 2013. [ 233 ] respective taxi companies serve Winnipeg, the largest being Unicity, Duffy ‘s Taxi and Spring Taxi. Ride sharing was legalized in March 2018 and several services including TappCar and Cowboy Taxi function in Winnipeg. [ 234 ] Cycling is popular in Winnipeg, and there are many bicycle trails and lanes around the city. Winnipeg holds an annual Bike-to-Work Day [ 235 ] and Cyclovia, [ 236 ] and bicycle commuters may be seen year-round, evening in the winter. active living infrastructure in Winnipeg includes bike lanes [ 237 ] and sharrows. [ 238 ]
medical centres and hospitals [edit ]
Winnipeg ‘s major hospitals include Health Sciences Centre, Concordia Hospital, Deer Lodge Centre, Grace Hospital, Saint Boniface General Hospital, Seven Oaks General Hospital, Victoria General Hospital, and The Children ‘s Hospital of Winnipeg. [ 239 ] The National Microbiology Laboratory in Winnipeg is one of only a handful of biosafety floor 4 microbiology laboratories in the worldly concern. [ 240 ] The NML houses laboratories of the Public Health Agency of Canada ( PHAC ) and the canadian Food Inspection Agency, in the National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease collocated in the same adeptness. Research facilities are besides operated through hospitals and private biotechnology companies in the city. [ 241 ] [ 242 ]
Utilities [edit ]
Water and sewage services are provided by the city. [ 243 ] The city draws its water via an aqueduct from Shoal Lake, treating and fluoridating it at the Deacon Reservoir barely outside the city prior to pumping it into the Winnipeg system. [ 244 ] The city ‘s system has over 2,500 km ( 1,600 myocardial infarction ) of underground water mains, which are subject to breakage during extreme weather conditions. [ 245 ] electricity and lifelike gas are provided by Manitoba Hydro, a provincial crown corporation headquartered in the city ; it uses primarily hydroelectric ability. [ 246 ] The primary telecommunication carrier is Bell MTS, although other corporations offer telephone, cellular, television and internet services. [ 247 ] Winnipeg contracts out several services to private companies, including drivel and recycling collection and street plow and coke removal. This practice represents a significant budget expending. The services have faced numerous complaints from residents about miss avail. [ 248 ] [ 249 ] [ 250 ] [ 251 ]
military [edit ]
canadian Forces Base Winnipeg, co-located at the airport, is base to many fledge operations support divisions and respective prepare schools. It is besides the headquarters of 1 Canadian Air Division and the canadian North American Aerospace Defense Command ( NORAD ) Region, [ 252 ] vitamin a well as the home foundation of 17 Wing of the canadian Forces. The Wing comprises three squadrons and six schools ; it besides provides support to the Central Flying School. [ 253 ] Excluding the three levels of government, 17 Wing is the fourthly largest employer in the city. [ 254 ] The Wing supports 113 units, stretching from Thunder Bay to the Saskatchewan – Alberta frame, and from the 49th parallel to the high Arctic. [ 253 ] 17 Wing besides acts as a deploy operating foundation for CF-18 Hornet fighter-bombers assigned to the Canadian NORAD Region. [ 253 ] There are two squadrons based in the city. The 402 “ City of Winnipeg ” Squadron flies the Canadian-designed and produced de Havilland CT-142 Dash 8 seafaring flight simulator. [ 255 ] The 435 “ Chinthe ” Transport and Rescue Squadron flies the Lockheed CC-130 Hercules in airlift research and rescue roles. [ 256 ] In addition, 435 Squadron is the only Royal Canadian Air Force squadron equipped and trained to conduct tactical air-to-air refuel of champion aircraft. [ 256 ] There are respective units of the canadian Army Primary Reserve based in Winnipeg. These include The Royal Winnipeg Rifles, The Queen ‘s Own Cameron Highlanders of Canada, 38 Service Battalion, 38 Combat Engineer Regiment, 38 Signal Regiment, and The Fort Garry Horse. [ 257 ] HMCS Chippawa is a Royal Canadian Navy reserve division in Winnipeg. [ 258 ] For many years, Winnipeg was the home of the Second Battalion of Princess Patricia ‘s canadian Light Infantry. Initially, the battalion was based at the Fort Osborne Barracks, now the localization of the Rady Jewish Community Centre. [ 259 ] They finally moved to the Kapyong Barracks between River Heights and Tuxedo. Since 2004, the battalion has operated out of CFB Shilo near Brandon. [ 260 ]
See besides [edit ]
References [edit ]
Notes [edit ]
farther reading [edit ]
- Official website
Media related to Winnipeg at Wikimedia Commons
Winnipeg travel guide from Wikivoyage
